MESCH French Society, Culture & History 1630 - 1830: A MESCH 4th French Civil War, French Revolution & Napoleonic Period Timeline
By MESCH
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Revolution or civil war? The events and conditions that led to the violence in France and Europe between 1789 & 1815.
Revolution or civil war? The events and conditions that led to the violence in France and Europe between 1789 & 1815. -
John Locke is born 29 August 1632
John Locke, one of the "Founding Fathers" of the Enlightenment Project and liberalism (freedom of choice), is born in England. His thoughts and writings inspired Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Madison and other Enlightenment thinkers and practitoners. (Mr. A) -
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Reign of Louis XIV of France (Christian Brunner)
Louis XIV inherited the throne at age 4 after his Dad died. However being to young to rule, his mother ruled with Italian financer Mazarin. When Mazarin died, Louis declared to rule as an Absolute Monarch. He met with an informal cabinet, but created a succesful image of Monarchy. In 1661 he built the majestic Versailles and it became a symbol of his Absolute Monarchy. Louis fought the War of Devolution (1667-68) against the Spanish and tried to conquer Holland in 1772-1778 leading to big dept. -
Duc D'Orleans/ Philippe II Born
Died on 2-Dec-1723. Head of house of Orleans. Uncle was Louis XIV. Very affluent Person at the time.-Jochem -
The Ratification of the English Bill of Rights (A.Afsari)
After the English people drove King James II from the throne in the "Glorious Revolution", this peaceable revolution brought an end to the old idea of the divine right of kings and clearly established the supremacy of Parliament, which later enacted the English Bill of Rights. This bill was a precursor to the American Bill of Rights, and set out strict limits on the Royal Family's legal prerogatives. -
Two Treatises on Governenment
In Two Treatises on Governenment John Locke explains the need for a limited government. He also says that there should be a degree of freedom. (Nicolai Gessl) -
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War of Spanish Sucession
The War of Spanish Succession was fought between many European powers and it was fought over the possible unification of Spain and France. This war was mostly fought in Europe and it began in 1701 with some battles and ended in 1714 with the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt. (1713-1714) -
Reign of Louis XV (1710-1774);Dennis
Louis XV was born in Palace of Versailles on the 15 of February 1710. His father died after 72 years of reign but he was too young to take over so he had to wait until he had turned 17 two years later. During those two years a Regency Council governed which was made out of fourteen members. When he was finally old enough to rule and ruled until he died in May 10, 1774. Louis XV is known as one of the most unpopular kings in France and his bad decisions where a reason for the French Revolution. -
War of Spanish Sucession
The War of Spanish Succession was fought between many European powers and it was fought over the possible unification of Spain and France. This war was mostly fought in Europe and it began in 1701 with some battles and ended in 1714 with the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt. (1713-1714)(Giacomo) -
Reign of Louis XIV of France 1638-1715 (Christian Brunner)
Louis XIV inherited the throne at age 4 after his Dad died. However being to young to rule, his mother ruled with Italian financer Mazarin. When Mazarin died, Louis declared to rule as an Absolute Monarch. He met with an informal cabinet, but created a succesful image of Monarchy. In 1661 he built the majestic Versailles and it became a symbol of his Absolute Monarchy. Louis fought the War of Devolution (1667-68) against the Spanish and tried to conquer Holland in 1772-1778 leading to big dept. -
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Reign of Louis XV of France (1715-1774); Dennis
Louis XV was born in Palace of Versailles on the 15 of February 1710. His father died after 72 years of reign but he was too young to take over so he had to wait until he had turned 17 two years later. During those two years a Regency Council governed which was made out of fourteen members. When he was finally old enough to rule and ruled until he died in May 10, 1774. Louis XV is known as one of the most unpopular kings in France and his bad decisions where a reason for the French Revolution. -
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Charles de Brienne 1727-1794
Born into a wealthy family. Charles de Brienne was a French churchman, politician, and finance minister of Louis XVI.
He tried to reorganize the financial system of France but never managed to change it.
At the beginning of the French Revolution he took the oath of the Civil Construction of the Clergy and at the height of it he left the Catholic Church.
Charles de Brienne was arrested and died in prison either by a stroke or got poisoned. (Dennis) -
Jacques Necker 1732-1804
Jacques was French and worked as the Minister of Finance under Luois XVI. HeTried to reform France's financial system through usage of loan and high interest rates rather than raising taxes. He set to summon the Estates-General of 1789
and was considered a saviour. He also doubled the representation of the Third Estate. He then Retired in 1789, wrote literature, and died in 1804 of old age. (Christian Brunner) -
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Jacques Necker
Jacques was French and worked as the Minister of Finance under Luois XVI. HeTried to reform France's financial system through usage of loan and high interest rates rather than raising taxes. He set to summon the Estates-General of 1789
and was considered a saviour. He also doubled the representation of the Third Estate. He then Retired in 1789, wrote literature, and died in 1804 of old age. (Christian Brunner) -
18 February, 1734, Jean Marie Roland
Key information: Was originally a French manufacturer then became the leader of the Girondist faction in the French Revolution. He served as the minister of interior in King Louis XVl's government in 1792.
DoB/DoD: 18 February, 1734 - 15 November, 1793
Achievements & claim to fame: After Madame Roland started to write articles and hold salons.
Role in the 4th French Civil War: Minister of Interior.
Fate: Stabs himself in the heart with a cane-sword after his wife was executed. (Mozn) -
Charles Calonne 1783
he owned the position of the Comte de Vergennes. He was a french statesman. hired by Louis XVI during the period of unbalanced finances he developed a revenue raising plan- published on 20th August 1786. His reform package consisted of 5 fundamental points: 1) Cut Government Spending 2) Free trade methods 3) Authorize the sale of church property 4) Equalization of salt and tobacco taxes 5) establish an universal land tax. This high demanding privileges were badly received. 1787 he was exiled. -
Duke of Brunswick
Charles William Ferdinand
1735-1806
Prince of Holy Roman Empire
Caused Prussia to become depend on France
Defeated twice by France
Hit by Musket at Auerstedt, lost both eyes, died a month later
(Josh Stovall) -
Charles Dumouriez (1739-1823)
A French General in the revolutionary war. He defected from France after handing over valuable information to the enemy in order to save himself. He ended up working in England as an advisor in the British War Office with their struggle against Napolean. He dies in Turville Park. (Izhar) -
Toussaint L'Ouverture(1743-1803)
May 20,1743-April 7,1803
He was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. He drove Napoleon out of Haiti and led his country to independence. He established the independent black state of Haiti.He transformed an enitre population of slaves into free, self-governing people.Toussaint died of pneumonia while imprisoned in Fort-de-Joux. (Iulia Balota) -
Jean-Paul Marat (24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793)
Marat was born in the Principality of Neuchâtel. He was a physician, political theorist, and scientist. Marat was best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution.Marat was elected to the National Convention in September 1792. He was one of the 26 deputies. -
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
Born in Herouël, a village in the département of the Aisne, he studied law and was originally a procureur attached to the Châtelet in Paris. After falling in debt, he sold his office in 1783, and became a clerk under the lieutenant-general of police. He seems to have adopted revolutionary ideas early on, but little is known of the part he played at the outbreak of the Revolution.-Jochem -
Abbe Emmanuel Sieyes
3 March 1748 – 20 June 1836 -
Emmanuel Abbe Sieyes
(3 March 1748 – 20 June 1836) Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes was a French Clergy and politician born in 1748, Frejus. In 1789 he wrote a pamphlet "What is the third estate". He helped the French Revolution, and was the wirepuller of the 18 Brumaire. He was one of the directeurs of directory (20 May 1799- 10 Nov 1799) and one of the consuls of the provisional consuls (10 Nov 1799 - 12 Dec 1799). He died in 1836, Paris. (Cho.EunYoung) -
Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)
Jacques-Louis David was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era. later on he bacame friends with friend of Maximilien Robespierre. and was effectively a dictator of the arts under the French Republic.(ziad) -
Compte de Mirabeau (1749)
Honore Mirabeau was a french statesman who led a public quarrel with his father, and was imprisoned several times by him.1791 Mirabeau was chosen President of the National Assembly. He was said to have been a hero during the 4th French Revolution. (Susi Paketci) -
Lazare Carnot - "Organizer of Victory"
Lazare Carnot 13 May 1753 to 2 of August 1823. President of the National Convention and member of the Committee of Public Safety. He also was the "Organiser of Victory" in the French Revolutionary Wars. He also had many new military ideas. His military power and authority was used to bring Robespierre to fall and lose his power. (Nicolai Gessl and Izhar Ikram) -
Jacques-Pierre Brissot
Jacques-Pierre Brissot started an anti-slavery movement. He was imprisoned and sent to the Bastille. After he was let out of prison he attacked the kings inviolability. 1793 he was brought to Paris and executed. (Nicolai Gessl) -
Charles Talleyrand (1754-1838)
Charles Talleyrand was a french diplomate worked well in the regime of LouisXVI. worked during the french revoultion and under Napoleon. he rejected the cathlics and to become a priest. (ziad) -
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Louis XVI
Louis XVI was King of France until he was executed in 1793. He was the grandson of Louis XV and he was married to Marie Antoinette. He was not a great ruler, for he lacked the authority to impose his will. Lois XVI supported the Americans as they were seeking their independence from Great Britain. -
Marie Antoinette (1755-1793)
Marie Antoinette was born in Vienna, Austria. She married the crown prince of France when she was only 15 in 1770 and became the Queen of France. Twelve years later the royal family was arrested on suspicion of treason and imprisoned. In 1793 Marie Antoinette was executed at the age of 37 because she was accused of crimes.
(Vivian Strobl) -
Comte de Provence(1755-1824)
Louis VIII(17Nov 1755-16 Sept 1824) was king of France and of Navarre from 1814-1824, omitting the Hundred Days in 1815.He tried to bring France to stability after approximately 20 years of war. (Iulia Balota) -
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Seven years war
First global conflict. Two major fronts. First europe, between Prussia and Austrian empire. Second was colonial rivalry between Britain, France and Spain. -Jochem -
Marquis de la Fayette
Marquis de la Fayette (1757-1834) was a French aristocrat and military officer. He was a general in the American War of Independence and he was a leader of the "garde nacional" during the French Revolution. He was a very influential man. (Giacomo) -
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Marquis de la Fayette
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Jacques Rene Hebert
Jacques Rene Hebert made and signed a petition that people should sign to get Louis XVI off the throne to stop the absolutist regime in France and he criticised Lafayette for the shootings that killed a lot of innocent civilians. (Nicolai Gessl) -
6 May, 1758, Maximilien Robespierre
Key information: Dominated the Committee of Public Safety and was an instrumental in the Reign of Terror.
DoB/DoD: 6 May, 1758 - 28 July, 1794
Achievements & claim to fame: When he became involved with the Jacobin Club.
Impacts on the 4th French Civil War: Tried remodel the whole social structure and government.
Role in the 4th French Civil War: Dictator
Fate: Was executed. (Mozn) -
Jacques Cathelineau (1759-1793)
He was a rebel and counterrevolution leader in the War of Vendee. Known for capturing the chateau of Jallais and then, in quick succession, capturing the towns of Chemille, Cholet, Vihiers, and the Challones. Unfortunately, he was killed by a sniper when entering a hostile town. (Izhar) -
Georges Danton 1759 - 1794 (A.Afsari)
French lawyer, Georges Danton, is born in Arcis-sur-Aube in northeastern France. Between 1792-1793 he was the most powerful person in France, and some historians regard him as a popular champion of the people.Some accused him for his wild lifestyle and criticized him for making $ out of the revolution. In 1794, when the Terror was at its height, he became unhappy at killing all the ‘ enemies of the revolution.’ He fell from popularity that year, and was arrested and guillotined in April 1794. -
Camille Desmoulins (1760)
Camille was born in Guis. He was born on March 2nd 1760, and died April 5th, 1794.
He published a paper called "Les Revolutions de France et de Brabant". Camille was a talented speaker and he was a voice in the French revolution. He screamed his disappointment about Louis XVI to the People of Paris that were gathered in the garden of the Palais Royal. (Patrick Ludwig) -
Charlotte Corday (1768)
Charlotte Corday was the daughter of a lower royal family. By the time she was 25, she decided to kill a french jurnalist named Mirat. She wanted to save the sociaty from his radical ideas which he presented in his newspaper. Four days after the murder, she was executed for this deed (Susi Paketci) -
Duke of Wellington 1769- 1852
He was born in Dublin and was later a British soldier. He was also twice elected as the prime minister.
His main achievements were to defeat the French during the battle of Waterloo and to be prime minister. He also tried to prevent the passage of the Reform Act 1815 but was not able to. He was one of the leading people in the House of Lords until he died.
During the time of the French Civil War he defeated with his army the French twice. He also served as an ambassador of France. (Dennis) -
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Duke of Wellington 1769-1852
He was born in Dublin and was later a British soldier. He was also twice elected as the prime minister.
His main achievements were to defeat the French during the battle of Waterloo and to be prime minister. He also tried to prevent the passage of the Reform Act 1815 but was not able to. He was one of the leading people in the House of Lords until he died.
During the time of the French Civil War he defeated with his army the French twice. He also served as an ambassador of France. (Dennis) -
Napoleon Bonaparte 1769-1821
Napoleon I was a military and political leader of the French. He won many of the Napoleonic Wars and expanded France during his reign from 1804-1814.He made new law codes for the freedom of the French, the most important one being the Code Napoleon. He ran a new government "for' the people but not "by" them. Purified the revolution but still shut off criticism towards him. After being defeated in war, he was exiled twice and then died of stomach cancer in 1821 on St. Helena. (Christian Brunner) -
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon I was a military and political leader of the French. He won many of the Napoleonic Wars and expanded France during his reign from 1804-1814.He made new law codes for the freedom of the French, the most important one being the Code Napoleon. He ran a new government "for' the people but not "by" them. Purified the revolution but still shut off criticism towards him. After being defeated in war, he was exiled twice and then died of stomach cancer in 1821 on St. Helena. (Christian Brunner) -
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(P2) Louis XVI of France is born on 23 August 1754
The people rebelled, he returned to France after the storming of the Bastille, him and his family managed to escape Paris, but were captured a few miles from the German border, where he was brought back and publicly executed. -
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(P1) Louis XVI of France is born on 23 August 1754
Louis XVI was born on the 23rd of August 1754 and Died on the 21st of January 1793. He was aware of the publics hate against the absolute monarchy. He supported the Americans goal of independence from Great Britain. He proclaimed France as a Consitutional Monarchy in 1791. Focused on foreign policy and religion. He was loved by the French people but not by his own court. His court thought of him as a fool. Eventually people thought of him as a fool. (Fahad) -
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American War of Independence 1775 - 1783
The first conflict took place between the north and the south, the conflict between britan and the american colonies was triggered buy financial costs .The first shots of the war were fired in Massachusetts, in febraury the colonies were revolting but failed.
(ziadalzayer)
Information(ziad al zayer) -
U.S. Declaration of Independence- July4, 1776
Drafted by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence is at once the nation's most cherished symbol of liberty and Jefferson's most enduring monument.The original Declaration is now exhibited in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom in Washington, DC. (Iulia Balota) -
End of American War of independence
The first conflict took place between the north and the south, the conflict between britan and the american colonies was triggered buy financial costs .The first shots of the war were fired in Massachusetts, in febraury the colonies were revolting but failed.
Information(ziad al zayer)(ziad al zayer) -
Charles Calonne 20 January 1734 – 30 October 1802
He was a french statesman. He owned the position to the Comte de Vergennes. Hired by Louis XVI during the period of unbalanced finances he developed a revenue raising plan-published on 20th of August 1786. His reform package consisted of 5 fundamental points: 1) Cut Government Spending 2) Free trade 3) Authorize the sale of church property 4) Equalization of salt and tobacco taxes 5) Establish a universal land tax. These announced privileges were badly received. He was exiled in 1787. -
US Constitution
The Supreme Law of the Unided States of America, There are 27 amenddments to date. The first 10 are collectively the Bill of Rights, and were Ratified in 1791.(Josh Stovall) -
The Day of the Tiles 1788 (PatrickLudwig)
The day of the tiles is an event that took place in the French town of Grenoble. It was the first revolt that provoked the French revolution. the soldiers were sent into the streets to drive people of the streets. some say they were driving away the people who wanted to make a parlement. However, the townspeople climbed onto the roofs of buildings around the Jesuit College to hurl down a rain of roof-tiles on the soldiers in the streets below, hence the name, The Day of the Tiles. -
28 April 1789, The Reveillon Riot
The riot had began when Reveillon, an manufacturer of decorative wallpaper, had given an ill-timed speech on reduced wages. Since the making of wallpaper required well paid workers, they were furious. Five or six thousand workers picked up clubs and vilolently attacked Reveillon's house. Troops of the Garde Francais intervened and shot guns and cannons into the crowd. This lasted till 4 in the morning and resulted in around 1500 dead. - Izhar -
Estates General Convenes
Estates General convenes for the first time since 1614. The third estate demands double seats. This turns out to be a sham after they recieve half voting power. They meet by themselves and decide to form the national assembly, they invite the other esates to join. When thier meeting place is closed down by Louis XVI, they go to a nearby tennis court and swear not to stop meeting untill France has a constitution. (Josh Stovall) -
National Assembly convenced
National Assembly (June, 1789 - July, 1791) turned France into a constitutional monarchy (Eunyoung Cho) -
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Rule of the National Assembly
Started by the third estate members of the general assembly in 1789. Ended when the National Constituent Assembly was formed. (Josh Stovall) -
Tennis Court Oath
Tennis court oath was an event during the first days of the French Revolution. The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789. The pledge said "not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established" - Zak -
Storming of the Bastile (Part 1 of 2) (1789)
The bastile was a huge fortress gouverned by Marquis de Launey. At half past three a bloodthirsty mob attacked it because of high takes and unrightfully taken prisoners. Marquis thought he knew what was coming. He expected a small group of about 100 villagers, but the mob was actually made up of 300 angry people. The guards fled in fear. The operator of the drawbridge suggested to surender to their will, if the mob would not attack them. (Timothy Krassnig) -
Storming of the Bastile (Part 2 of 2) (1789)
The operator treatened to blow up the entire area with gunpowder, if the siege did not stop, but the mob wouldn't let down. They brutally siezed the bastile and everyone in it. (Timothy Krassnig) -
US Bill of Rights (1789)
They are limits set up to protect the natural rights of liberty and propert. They were enforced in the United States in 1789. They guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government's judicial power and reserve some powers to the states and the public. The English bill(1689) if rights helped structure the US Bill of rights when it was firs written down. (Susi Paketci) -
27 Aug 1789, Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was decreed by the National Assembly after a public debate on the 27 August, 1789. The Declaration was based on the philosophy of natural rights; which stated that all people we entitled to liberty and equality. (Mozn Al-Hinai) -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
A law that subordinated the Roman Catholic Church in France to the French government. (Josh Stovall) -
Flight to Varennes(1791)
King Louis XVI of France, Marie Antoinette and their immediate family attempted unsuccessfully to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution. They were dressed as servants, and their servants were dressed as nobles. They were spotted in Varennes and forced to go back to Paris. (Iulia) -
Champs de Mars Massacre(1791)
On July 17th 1791, the National Constituent Assembly issued a decree that the king, Louis XVI, would remain king under a constitutional monarchy. Later that day, leaders of the republicans in France rallied against this decision. A large crowd gathered at the Champ de Mars to sign the petition demanding the removal of the king. (Iulia) -
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Haitian War of Independence (pt 3)
Dessalines, now leading the rebellion, and his generals take up arms when they find out about this. At the time Yellow Fever struck Africa, killing Leclerc as well as 20,000 French soldiers. Rochambeau replaces Leclerc. He was a ruthless and evil man, who would torture the former slaves before killing them. Because of his ruthlessness, it caused the mixed-races and the former slaves to unify. Napoleon gives up on Rochambeau, due to the fact that he cannot send troops because of the British navy. -
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Haitian War of Independence (pt 4)
On January 1, 1804 Dessalines declares Independence for Saint Domingue, naming it Haiti. -
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Haitian War of Independence (pt 2)
On April 1792 the Legislative Assembly gives free citizenship to people of color. The leader of the rebels was Toussaint L’Overture. Napoleon is very unhappy about this so he sends in his brother-in-law Charles Leclerc, as well as 40,000 troops, to reinstate slavery. Toussaint’s general, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, betrays Toussaint and joins Leclerc. Leclerc captures Toussaint and he is brought to a French prison where he dies in 1803. Napoleon sends a letter to Leclerc to reinstate slavery. -
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Haitian War of Independence (pt 1)
Haiti became a French colony known as Saint Domingue in 1697. It was important because France was poor at the time and Haiti was the most profitable slave colony. A wealthy man of mixed-race (African and French-European) named Vincent Oge wanted equal rights for peoples of mixed-race. So he started a revolt but he was captured and executed on February 1791. On August 1791 an all-out slave rebellion begins which scares France. They retaliate by sending in Sonthonax and 6000-7000 troops. -
The Declaration of Pilnitz (1791)
the Decaration of pilnitz was a staement signed in 1791 at the Pillnitz in Saxony. The signers were the Holy Roman emperor Leopold II and the Prussian king Frederick William II. The declaration was made to strengthening royal authority in France. It was made for the Austrian and Prussian empire. (Patrick) -
Constitution of 1791
It was the second written constitution of France.
In the summer of 1789, the French National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man, adopted on 26 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted in 3 September 1791.(Iulia) -
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Rule of the Legislative Assembly
The Legislative Assembly consisted of constitutional monarchists, republicans, the Jacobins, and others not included within these groups. However, disagrrements between the king and the Assembly led to a constitutional crisis.In 10, August 1792, the Paris Commune assaulted the Tulleries Palace keeping the royal family as prisoners. The Assembly now relied on the Commune. This persisted until the convention abolished the monarchy and changed to a republic. (Izhar) -
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1st Coalition (1792–1797)
The War of the 1st Coalition started with the French Declaration of War to Austria and Prussia on 20th of april 1792 and ends with the Peace of Campo formio on 17th of october 1797. It was made up of Multiple European monarchies like Spain, Holland, Austria, Prussia, England and Sardinia. (Vivian Strobl -
Invention of the Guillotine (1792)
The first guillotining took place on April 25th 1792, which beheaded the criminal Nicolas Jacques Pelletie. People like Doctor Guillotin, for whom the Guillotine was named, were against the death penalty. people argued that the guillotine made death quick and painless, unlike the original penalty of tieing a criminal to four oxes and ripping him/her apart. The actual decapitation takes two hundreths of a second. (Timothy Krassnig) -
The Brunswick Declaration of Manifesto (1792)
The Brunswick of Manisfesto was a proclamation issued by Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick and the commander of the Allied Army. The Brunswick Manifesto threatened that if the French royal family were harmed, then French civilians would be harmed. (Patrick) -
Storming of Tuileries (Christian Brunner)
On August 10th, 30,000 furious French citizens marched towards the Tuileries to capture Louis XVI. However, the king had escaped to the Legistlative Assembly building. The Swiss guards had no idea and hopeless, they surrendered the palace to save their own lives. The mob scamered through the palace with vengeance killing anyone related to the king and only 300 soldiers were left alive. The mob then went to the legislative building and arrested the king. This was the end of the French monarchy. -
September Massacre (1792)
The September Massacre was a violent uprising in Paris, France. At the time this happened, more than half of the prisoners in Paris had been executed. This totaled up to about 1,200 executions. (Giacomo) -
The Battle of Valmy (1792)
The Battle of Valmy was the first major victory by the army of France during the French Revolution. it took place Between Sainte-Menehould and Valmy. France defeated the Austrian and Prussian empire in this battle. (Patrick) -
Battle of Jemappes
In the morning of the 6th November 1792, French cannons bombarded the Austrian defensive lines. The French then tried to outflank the Austrians but had little success. They then launched a full on attack but then got chased away by Austrian cavalry. They then flanked the Austrians on the right flank and broke through. The left flank of the Austrians stood steady and made a reatreat possible. The French were to tired to follow and let the Austrians escape. (Nicolai Gessl) -
The Edict of Fraternity
The Edict of Fraternity called on European peoples to rise against their rulers, both secular and spiritual, and overthrow them. It stated that 'All governments are our enemies, all people our friends'. France was willinging to help any country with its millitary overthrow their king. -
Edict of Fraternity
The National Convention issued the Edict of Fraternity, calling on French millitary aid to all oppressed peoples rising up against the French government (A.Afsari). -
War in the Vendee (1793 to 1796)
The war of Vendee was a counter revolution royalist uprising in the vendee region in western France. The revolts were ended by the comittee of public saftey and many of the rebels were drowned in the River Loire because exicution by guilletine was to slow.- Jochem -
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War of the Vendee
The war of Vendee was a counter revolution royalist uprising in the vendee region in western France. The revolts were ended by the comittee of public saftey and many of the rebels were drowned in the River Loire because exicution by guilletine was to slow. -
Execution of Louis XVI (1793)
After king Louis XVI tried to leave the country he got arrested and put into prison. He and his wife were executed and so one of the first victims of the regime of terror. This was one of the major events of the French Revolution. (Dennis) -
Louis XVI (1754-1793)
Louis XVI was King of France until he was executed in 1793. He was the grandson of Louis XV and he was married to Marie Antoinette. He was not a great ruler, for he lacked the authority to impose his will. Lois XVI supported the Americans as they were seeking their independence from Great Britain. (Giacomo) -
14, February 1793, Levee en Masse
The Levee en Masse was a law passed by the National Convention, primarily by Lazare Carnot. It was conscription, which meant that all able-bodied men had to fight and defend their nation. France at the time really needed soldiers and the Levee en Masse increased army size from 600,000 to 1,500,000. (Izhar) -
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Rule of Committee of public saftey
The committee of public safty was a political party in charge of France during the "Reign of Terror". The leader of the party was Maximilien Robespierre. The role the committee was protecting the republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. During the rule many people were excicuted to who went against the revolution or intimidated the committee- Jochem -
Murder of Marat
Jean-Paul Marat (24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was was one of the leaders of the Mountain, the radical group French politics during the Terror.Marat was blamed him for the September Massacre by Charlotte Corday, a political enemy of his. She got into Marat's room by giving him a note promising details about the revolution. Marat had a skin condition and had to work in his bath where he was stabbed. -Jochem -
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror lasted from September 1793 until the downfall of Robespierre in 1794. The Reign of Terror, as displayed by the photo below, demonstrates it as a horrific event where thousands were killed, but also as a necessary one during the war. The overall purpose of the Reign of Terror was to purge France from the enemies of the revolution, such as Louis XVI, and of those who were deemed a threat to national security. In the span of 9 months, 16,000 were decapitated. -
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The Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was designed by cheif architect, Maximilien Robespierre, to fight enemies of the revolution. Also, it prevented from counterrevolutionaries from getting around. Ordinary people were gathered normally and charged with being against the revolution and they were taken to be executed by the dreaded gulliotine. In total, the Reign of Terror was responsible for the death of about 40,000 people across France. (A.Afsari) -
Toulon Uprising 18th September - 18th December 1793
The disempowerment of the Girondins through the radical Jacobins led to riots in a number of citites. The Jacobins were banished in Lyon and Marseille. Jacobins eventually knocked down the situation in Marseille. A similar event raged in Toulon. -
The execution of Marie Antoinette Part 1 (1793)
Marie Antoinette, the queen of France and Navarre, was the object of hatred as an Austrian woman, whose country was the traditional enemy of France. She had a luxury taste and and subjectivity; she rebuilt Trianon and fraternized with flatterers. However, she was also a victim of gossips; considering the French royal families, she was normal. For example, Affair of the Diamond Necklace (Affaire du collier de la reine) was planned by Jeanne de Saint-Rémy de Valois, and her most favorite quote -
The execution of Marie Antoinette part 2 (1793)
"let them eat cake (Qu'ils mangent de la brioche)" was by Marie-Thérèse, the wife of Louis XIV. With the intense hatred from the French citizens, she was sentenced to death in 1793, October 15th and executed at the place de la Concorde, where Louis XVI was also executed, in 1793, October 16th. (Eunyoung Cho) -
Charles de Brienne 1727-1794
Born into a wealthy family. Charles de Brienne was a French churchman, politician, and finance minister of Louis XVI.
He tried to reorganize the financial system of France but never managed to change it.
At the beginning of the French Revolution he took the oath of the Civil Construction of the Clergy and at the height of it he left the Catholic Church.
Charles de Brienne was arrested and died in prison either by a stroke or got poisoned. (Dennis) -
Execution of Danton (1794)
Georges Danton (1759-1794) was a key person in the early French Revolution. He was President of the Committee of Public Safety and he was also member of the National Convention. He was arrested on March 30, 1794 he was arrested with a group of other people and exectued by the guillotine on April 5, 1794 with a group of fifteen other People. (Giacomo) -
Thermidorian Recation (1794)
With the terror caused by the Committee of Public Safety, which was controlled by the Jacobins and the leader Robespierre, not only the citizens but also some people in the committee of the Public Safety became against the terror; Robespierre was blamed for the killing of his opponents, innocnet citizens. On 1794 july 27th, they staged the Thermidorian Reaction, or 9 Thermidor and arrested Robespierre, his brother and his followers. (Eunyoung Cho) -
The execution of Robespierre (1794)
By the thermidorian reaction, Robespierre, his brother Augustin, Couthon, Saint-Just, Hanriot and twelve other followers (the member of the committee of the public safety) were arrested. With the curse of the citizens at him, Robespierre was gulliotined at the Place de la Concorde, where the gulliotine was settled. (Eunyoung Cho) -
Royalist Uprising (1794 -1795)
The Royalist Uprising, also known as the White Terror, took place in 1794 during the aftermath of the Reign of Terror. It was organized by "Chouan" royalist forces, and targeted at radical Jacobins and anyone who supported them. Throughout France, Jacobins were attacked and murdered. Gangs of youth who were or had aristocratic connections roamed streets and beat Jacobins. They murdered terrorists in prisons like the royalists that had been murdered. Ended in 21 July, 1795. (Mozn) -
Peace of Basel
The peace of Basel are three peace trieties involving France. The first treaty of Basel was made with Prussia on April 5th. The second one with Spain on July 22nd. The third one with Hesse-Kassel. (Vivian Strobl) -
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The Rule of the Directory
The Directory (in French Directoire) held executive power in France from November 1795 until November 1799 - from the end of the Convention to the beginning of the Consulate. Five Directors shared power. In the history of France, this period constitutes the last stage of the French Revolution and precedes the coming of the Consulate, then the First Empire. -
Treaty of Campo Formio
The treaty was signed in 1797 by Napoleon, the representative of France, and Philipp von Cobenzl, the representative of the Austrian monarchy. So after 5 months of peace negotiations there would finally be peace in Europe. (Vivian Strobl) -
War of the Second Coalition
The War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802) was the second attempt by European Monarchs, such as the Habsburgs, to eliminate the Revolution in France. (Giacomo) -
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The Battle of the Pyramids
The battle of th Pyramids was fought on July 21, 1798 between the French army in Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte, and local Mamluk forces. After a Day the Mamluk Forces had already surendered.(ziad-al-zayer)
Link -
End of the battle of the Pyramids
The battle of th Pyramids was fought on July 21, 1798 between the French army in Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte, and local Mamluk forces. After a Day the Mamluk Forces had already surendered.(ziad-al-zayer)Link -
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Battle of Aboukir Bay
French had an easy victory over the Egyptians but they soon got plagued by sickness and plague. When the French Army was at its weakest the English attack and destroy the French Fleet that was under command of Napoleon. (Nicolai Gessl) -
The Battle of Marengo 2
...surprise attack from the rear. Napoleon send Desaix with 5000 troops to cut of the Austrians main escaped. Austria had 30,000 troops and France had 22,000. Luckily Desaix came back and France won the battler. Later on Napolen changed the story to make him the hero. -
The Battle of Marengo
The French Revolution threat Austria because of the "Napoleon Code" and led to war between France and Austria. Napolean tried to keep Italy, Holland, Switzerland under controlle to make "the peace of honor". Austria was against it, because theese country were at its boarders. In 1800 Napoleon attacked the Austrians from north Italy. The battle was important for Napoleons plan of "peace of honor". The stratagy was to attack near the Rover Rhine, while 40,000 men make a surprise attack from ... -
The 3rd Coalition
On May 18th in 1803, Great Britain declared war on France, believing that Napoleon would violate the Treaty of Amiens that was completed in 1802 between Great Britain and France. The Swedish and the Russians joined Britain in declaring war on France. The first year of the war was almost fought exclusively on sea. -
napoleon sells Louisiana Territory
President Jefferson wanted to expand the U.S and send James Monroe to offer Napoleon 10 million$ for New Orleans and West Florida. Napoleon needed money and sold Louisiana for 15 million $. He sold it for about 4 cents on acre. Neither country knew the exact size of the Louisiana territory. Napoleons plan was to fight against Haiti and then get Louisiana back. But his troops got destroyed in Haiti, before he was able to get to Louisiana. Jefferson selected Lewis&Clark to explore the area. -
Napolen sells Louisiana Territory
President Jefferson wanted to expand the U.S and send James Monroe to offer Napoleon 10 million for New Orleans and West Florida. Napoleon needed money and sold Louisiana for 15 million $. He sold it for about 4 cents on acre. Neither country knew the exact size of the Louisiana territory. Napoleons plan was to concurred haiti and then concure louisiana back. But his troops got destroyed in Haiti, before he was able to get to Louisiana. Jefferson selected Lewis&Clark to explore the area. -
The Code Napoleon 1804
The Code Napoleon is the French civil code which for bitted privileges based on birth and allowed freedom of religion. This code was established by Napoleon in 1804. This also influenced many other countries at that time and afterwards.(Dennis) -
Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar was a battle on sea fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navy. The Battle was the greatest British Victory in the entire war. Thirty-three spanish and french ships were defeated by twenty-seven british ships, without even one british ship being sunk. -
Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz was one of Napoleons greatest victories where the French Empire finally crushed the Third Coalition. On December 2, 1805 a French army commanded by Napoleon I defeated the Russo-Austrian Army in nine hours of difficult fighting. This Battle brought the Thrid Coalition effectively to an end. -
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The Fourth Coalation
The Fourth Coalation consisted of Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and the United Kingdom against Napoleon's French Empire, Napoleon's army was defeated and resulted in the Peace of Tilsit. - Fahad Al Helal -
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Battle of Jena
The battle of jena was started at 1806 between the french and the prussian(germans) the french was under the control of napoleon. The prussians were uncapable of protecting them self from the string forces of napoleon later on napoleon was victorious, and thenthe Prussians were forced to sign the Treaty of Tilsit.(ziad alzayer) -
The Berlin Decrees
On 21.November,1806 France, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Holland and the confederation of the Rhine were not allowed to trade with Britain anymore. Neutral Ships were not allowed to trade with French ports or with countries which had accepted the Berlin Decrees. -
Peace of Tilsit
Was signed by Napoleon Bonparte. The treaty ended the France - Russian war and the France - Prussian war. Napoleon ended his complete control over Europe. - Fahad Alhelal -
End of battle of jena
The battle of jena was started at 1806 between the french and the prussian(germans) the french was under the control of napoleon. The prussians were uncapable of protecting them self from the string forces of napoleon later on napoleon was victorious, and thenthe Prussians were forced to sign the Treaty of Tilsit.(ziad al zayer) -
Milan Decree
Napoleon of France wanted to enforce the Continental System, designed to strengtehn the Berlin Decree. Authorized French Warships where allowed to capture neutral ships coming from an English port and the French crew will receive a prize. (Nicolai Gessl) -
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The Peninsular War (1808 - 1811)
Napoleon of France took the crown of Chrels IV and gave it to his own brother. This lead to war between Spain and Fance. Naoleon wanted to capture Spain and Portugal and add them to his empire. He sent 300,000 soldiers to battle, which was very expensive. -
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Battle of Talavera
Was sought 120 Kilometers southwest of Madrid, Spain. It was a war between the Spanish/United Kingdom and the French. The French suffered the most as a result, losing 7,390 soldiers. The event occured right after the French army was driven away from Portugal, whilst the British troops advanced into Spain to join the Spanish troop they encountered the French. - Fahad Ahlelal. -
Battle of Borodino (1812)
The Battle of Borodino was the biggest and bloodiest single day battle. The battle was part of the French invasion of Russia in which they defeated them. This battle caused many deaths on both sides and it was the last battle of Napoleon fought in Russia. (Dennis) -
Retreat from Moscow (1812)
The retreat of Napoleon already started in October after no sign of a victory was insight. During their retreat the army had once to return to the direction they were coming from because of the Russian army. This caused the troops to suffer the extreme conditions of the Russian winter and many men died. The retreat ended on the 14 of December 1812 when the last troops left Russia.(Dennis) -
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Battle of the Pyrenees
The Battle of the Pyrenees was a large-scale battle on 25 July 1813 by Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult from the Pyrenees region on Emperor Napoleon’s order. the french had suffered and lost alot of people.(ziad al zayer) -
Battle of Leipzig (16-19 October 1813)
The Battle of Leipzig was fought between the Coalition of Russia, Prussia, Austria and Sweden against the French army with Italian and Polish troops. Over 600,000 soldiers were involved and the victory was deceissive for the Coalition. It made Napoleon retreat back to France. He was forced to abdicate, and was exiled to Elba in 1804. (Christian Brunner) -
Exile to Elba (1814)
On April the 11th in 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to an iland named Elba. 1815, one year later, he escaped from the Iland, and returned to Paris. He was exciled by the allied governments, and was allowed to take a company of about 1000 men and a few people to take care of his household with him. He even received the title as Emperor of Elba, and was able to rule over the 110,000 people that lived on this iland. This was his first excile which only lasted one year.-Susi -
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Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
The congress of Vienna was a conferance held in Vienna from September 1814 to 1815. European Ambassadors attended this conferance This conferance was created inorder to find ways of setteling the issues that had arrised during The French Revolutionary Wars and the dessolution of The Holly Roman Empire.-Susi -
The Seventh Coalition against Napoleon (1815)
The Seventh Coalition (1815) pitted the United Kingdom, Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands and a number of German states against France. Traveling to Paris, picking up support as he went, Napoleon eventually overthrew the restored Louis XVIII. The Allies rapidly gathered their armies to meet him again. Napoleon raised over half a million men. Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo and exile to St. Helena ends the coalition. -
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The Hundred Days (Hundred Days of Napoleon) 1815))
The Hundred days, also called the Hundred Days of Napoleon, took place, between March, 20 1815 and July 8, 1815. This is the time period between the return of Napoleon from Elba and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII. During this time period, the 7th coalition took place. There was also the Neopolitan War and the Waterloo campaine. -Susi -
Battle of Waterloo
(Zak) -
Exile to St. Helena of Napoleon 1815-1821
After losing the final Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled for the second time to St. Helena. He spent 10 weeks on the HMS Bellorphone and lived with the Briars during the first months. He was then moved on Dec. 15 1815 to Longwood house which was damp and filthy. There were plots to rescue Napoleon coming from the west and also rumors that he had escaped. Napoleon finally died in 1821 of stomach cancer and possible poisoning. (Christian Brunner) -
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Exile to St. Helena of Napoleon
After loosing the final Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled for the second time to St. Helena. He spent 10 weeks on the HMS Bellorphone and lived with the Briars during the first months. He was then moved on Dec. 15 1815 to Longwood house which was damp and filthy. There were plots to rescue Napoleon coming from the west and also rumors that he had escaped. Napoleon finally died in 1821 of stomach cancer and possible poisoning. (Christian Brunner) -
The July Revolution of 1830 Leads to the Overthrow of the French Monarchy
French society overthrows King Charles X in a coup d'etat known as "The July 1830 Revolution". The uprising replaced one monarch withh another, setting the stage for further unrest in the very near future... (Mr. A)
