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Boston Massacre
The people began to boycott British goods to protest the increased taxes. The British authorities tried to stop this by sending troops to take control. However, this erupted into the Boston Massace, where five civilians were murdered by British forces. This event exposed the colonial power of Britain and further angered the citizens. -
Declaration of Independence Signed
On July 4, 1776 the American Congress signed and approved the Declaration of Independence which declared American Independence from Britain, the reasoning why they were declaring idependence and provide a frame for what the government should be. The idea of popular sovereignty, that the people have consent, and rights served as motivation for other protests and revolts around the world. -
US Gains French Alliance
France and the United States signed the Treaty of Alliance. This document stated that if either France or the US were attacked by Britain, the other would provide military aid. -
British Surrender at Yorktown
The American soldiers, who were backed up by the French, defeated the British at this final battle in the American Revolution. This outcome of this battle provided the end of the war with the Americans as victors. -
Treaty of Paris
This treaty granted the colonies their official independence and established the boundries of the new United States of America. However, the Americans still had to pay war debts to British and give pack property to the loyalists. -
Constitutional Convention
This convention, which lasted until September 17th, was decribed to have "achieved a nonviolent second American revolution". With George Washington as the presiding officer, the people distrubuted the power and created legislature and a government based off of elections. The Constitution created the most democratic government at the time, byt the rights were mainly restricted to white men with property. -
Storming of the Bastille
The citizens of France began to grow in frustration over the current running of the government. Revolts began to start happening. One of these revolts includes the storming of the Bastille (prison), which ended in over 98 lives lost and the commander of the prison and Paris's chief magistrate decapitated. This even is known to have sparked the French Revolution. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was drafted by the National Assembly. This declaration ensured natural rights, free expressions, equality, specifically in regards to the law, and a government based off of representatives. The document helped influence other rights-based liberal democracies. -
Slaves Revolt in Saint Dominigue
The slaves, after being treated unfairly, rebelled on the plantations in the north and eventually spread throughout. Entire plantations and crops were destroyed, masters killed and new rebellious leaders emerged such as Francois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture. This revolution eventually evolved into the Haitian Revolution. -
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Reign of Terror
PictureThis was the most violent phase of the French Revolution. The king was killed by the guillotine, one of the symbols of this violent revolution. Anybody who was against the revoution was brutally killed by the guillotine. The death of Maximilien Robespierre helped to end the reign of terror, for he was a major perpetrator of this time of fear. around 40,000 people died in prison and 300,000 were imprisoned. -
Toussaint L’Ovuverture defeated
Toussaint sent his army to the eastern half of the island and created a kind of militia. He made himself governor in chief. Napoleon sent a many troops to Saint-Domingue led by Charles Leclerc in 1802. Toussaint and his army put up a tough fight but in the end, the French troops but were defeated and he resigned from governorship. This event was significant because it marked one of the lowest points in the Haitian revolution. -
Hatians defeat french invasion and delcare independence
In 1804 Dessalines which led the native army, declared Saint-Domingue was now an independent nation and was now called Haiti. Although Haiti did not sign a treaty with France in 1825, this spurred massive cultural growth and unity, like the abolition of slavery. The Haitian soceity that used to consist of ex-slaves had now become peasants and administrive, commercial, and military elites who lived in coastal cities. -
Napoleon declares himself emperor
With the help of the Pope, Napoleon crowned himself emperor and supreme ruler of France at the Notre Dame de Paris. Napoleon used the plot to justify the re-creation of a hereditary monarchy in France. According to historians, he seized the crown out of the hands of Pope during the ceremony to avoid seeming he was below the authority of the Pope. This marks the start of Napoleon’s defiance and imperialism and of France as a country. -
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Revolutions for independence begin in Spanish South America
PictureColonial regimes were overturned by the residents in South America. Although all the revolutions were slightly different, they all stemmed from the inequality between colonial officials and native residents and the Napoleon invasion of Spain and Portugal which weakened their presence. The creoles were also upset that they had little authority. They represented the ideas of the Enlightenment and nationalism. This lead to the formation of many new nations and new corrupt leaders. -
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Mexican movement for independence
PictureThe decline of Spain because of Neapolitans invasion allowed conservative Spaniards in Mexico to over throw the local viceroy. At first, the rural farmers rose against Spanish rule, then Jose Morelos rallied more military and political support. There was a brief monarchy that soon became a republic. This is significant because it marks the creation of modern day Mexico and the development into its own economy. -
Napolean goes to Russia
When he goes to Russia, it will mark the downfall of the Napoleonic stage of the French revolution. Because of the harsh conditions and lack of food in Russia, there were massive amounts of death and starvation. About 450,000 men came into Russia and only 40,000 men came out. This is significant because afterwards, Napoleons Empire would rapidly decline because of the lack of resources and public moral. -
Napoleon abdicates
France offered Napoleon peace under which France boundaries. Napoleon ignored their offer and they started to coordinate a campaign with other nations eventually entered Paris. After, French foreign minister Talleyrand influenced the Senate to declare that Napoleon had forfeited the throne. This was the official end to Napoleans tyranical reign and stubborn reign over France. -
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Congress of Vienna
Picture The Congress of Vienna was the negotiations of the way to divide Europe after the collapse of Napoleonic reign. The main countries of the “Big Four” consisted of Britain, Russia, France and Austria. The goal of the gathering was to prevent another massive crazy takeover from happening again. This is significant because it redrew Europe and prevented any one country having a monopoly of land. -
Treaty of Córdoba signed
It established official Mexican independence from Spain. It has seventeen articles, which developed the proposals of the government that would replace colonial rule. The Treaty of Córdoba is important because it is the first document in which Spanish and Mexican officials accept the liberty of what will become the First Mexican Empire. -
Brazil gains independence
Compared to other colonies fight for independence, Brazil’s was peaceful. The causes were the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon and unfair economics. Dom Joao, former Portuguese prince, reformed Brazilian trade destroying the Portuguese monopoly. He drafted legislation that declared Brazil as independent, European monarchies refused to establish diplomatic relations with Brazil until 1824. The declaration of Brazilian independence is important because it was part of the Portuguese trade decline.
