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Period: 1091 to 1296
The Crusades
The Crusades were wars that were between Muslims and Christians they fought over control over holy sites because they were sacred to both religions. -
Oct 21, 1096
Battle of Civetot 1096
fought between the People's Crusade, which was primarily made up of peasants from Christian countries, and the Seljuk armies of the Sultanate of Rum. The Christian crusaders suffered a terrible defeat in this, the first noteworthy battle between Muslim and Christian forces. -
Oct 20, 1097
Siege of Antioch
It took a long time for the siege to end. The Muslim soldiers within the city led an attack against the crusaders but were routed and forced to retreat. -
Jun 7, 1099
Siege of Jerusalem
The Siege of Jerusalem was the decisive event of the First Crusade. After achieving several successes in the lands surrounding Jerusalem, the Crusader forces finally converged on Jerusalem and laid siege to the city on June 7, 1099. -
Period: 1346 to 1353
The Black Death
The black death occurred in western Europe and North America and it was a bubonic plague. The black death caused 75 to 200 million deaths. The way it got transmitted to other people was by touching each other it originated in rats but then bugs bit and got it from the rats. Then they bit humans and gave it to them. The things it would do the body was vomiting, fever, pain in limbs, headaches, and more and within 7 days the person would be dead. -
1347
Black Death arrives in Messina
In October 1347, a ship arrived in Messina, Sicily, from the Crimea and Asia. Along with the crew, there were rats on board the ship. The bubonic plague, sometimes known as the Black Death, was brought by the rats. The illness was reported to have killed 20 million people in Asia when it reached Europe. -
1347
half of Sicily population dead
The crew of a second Caffan ship barely survives when it lands in Sicily. The epidemic spreads to Messina after decimating half the population here. The disease was then propagated by evacuating citizens to mainland Italy, where by the next summer, one-third of the populace had perished. -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renaissance
Although there were many outstanding artists of the Early Renaissance, Masaccio, Brunelleschi, and Donatello are the most well-known. Masaccio invented new painting techniques, Brunelleschi popularized linear perspective in architecture, and Donatello was a well-known sculptor. Along with Brunelleschi, Donatello visited ancient classical ruins, which provided inspiration for many of their works of art. -
1413
Brunelleschi creates Linear Perspective
Linear perspective revolutionized art. It allowed art to have depth and appear to be in 3D. -
Period: 1434 to
Age of Exploration
From roughly the 15th century to the 17th century in European history, the Age of Discovery, also known as the early modern period, was a time when maritime Europeans traveled the world in search of new lands to explore. -
1439
Johann Gutenberg invents the printing press
Revolutionized the manufacturing of books, and also the studies of the arts and sciences. -
1486
Sandro Botticelli paints Birth of Venus
Painted as a result of the Platonic Academy, one of the famous pieces of art during the Renaissance. The sexual nature of the painting was pushing the boundries of what was tollerated during that time. -
Period: 1496 to 1527
High Renaissance
The High Renaissance, which occurred during the Italian Renaissance, was a brief time of the most outstanding artistic achievement in the Italian states, particularly in Rome, the capital of the Papal States, and in Florence. -
1512
Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel
Forced into painting by the Pope, Michelangelo painted 9 scenes from the old testament onto the ceiling and walls of the Sistine Chapel. -
1514
Thomas More Utopia
Thomas More Utopia
Thomas More used the word Utopia to describe an ideal imaginary Island nation. He opposed England's seperation from the Catholic church and refused to accept the King as the head of the church, he was later tried for treason and beheaded. -
1514
Machiavelli writes the Prince
The Prince is considered to be the earliest works of modern philosophy. Published after Machiavelli's death for fear of contraversey. -
1517
Luther takes the pope to task
Luther criticizes the pope in 1517.
Indulgences are privileges the church gives to Christians to lessen the amount of time they must spend in purgatory in the afterlife before entering heaven. Martin Luther, a devoted Augustinian monk and university lecturer at Wittenberg in Saxony, north Germany, launches an attack against indulgences. -
Period: 1517 to 1555
Protestant Reformation
A religious reform movement known as the Protestant Reformation swept through Europe in the 1500s. It led to the development of a branch of Christianity known as Protestantism, a term used to refer to the numerous religious movements that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church owing to doctrinal disagreements. -
1520
Rome flexes its muscles
By this point, a confrontation between Luther and Rome's major church leadership is inevitable. While church leaders are incensed that he won't heed orders to be silent, he sees himself as merely restating a conventional position on salvation, repeating the works of early Christian authorities, Paul of Tarsus and Augustine of Hippo. -
1521
Luther stands firm at Worms
When Luther is asked to meet the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in the imperial Diet (a formal assembly), it is clear that he will not budge. The words "Here I stand; I can do no other" are how his supporters will always remember this act of conscience. Luther is allowed to leave on his horse free when the emperor honorably maintains a vow of good behavior to the Diet. -
Period: 1527 to
Late Renaissance
The artworks of the Late Renaissance, also known as the Mannerist period, frequently used previous works of art as models. Their main focus was the human body, which they frequently portrayed in exquisite, exaggerated, twisted stances. -
1543
Scientific Revolution / Copernicus
The scientific revoultion was an era in which new ideas like physics, chemistry, medicine and biology formed and paved the way for modern science. -
Period: 1550 to
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a set of occurrences that heralded the advent of modern science in the early modern era, when advances in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and astronomy altered how society perceived the natural world. -
1557
Spain declares bankruptcy for the 1st time
Spain declares bankruptcy for the 1st time
Spain's bankruptcy was caused by Kings defaulting on their loans and a depedance on precious metals and jewels for income. -
1559
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth 1
JAN 1, 1559
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth 1
Queen Elizabeth was the 5th and last monarch in the Tudor dynasty. Her father was King Henry the VIII, she is remembered for establishing the English Protestant church and the defeat of the Spainish Armada. -
plague doctor
The plague doctor had a big cape with a beak mask on their face with flowers in them because they believed the disease transferred from bad smell. They also had a wooden cane to move the people around so they did not have to touch them. -
Blaise Pascal invents the adding machine.
The first calculator or adding machine to be manufactured in any quantity and really utilized was the Pascaline, also known as the Arithmetic Machine. Between 1642 and 1644, the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal created and constructed the Pascaline. -
Thomas Bartholin discovers the human lymphatic system.
While working in Leiden, Bartholin performed several dissections to discover the location of lacteal veins, but he did not complete his research until years later (Porter, 1963). Bartholin dissected a waiter's corpse in 1650 and examined the lymphatics in the mesentery. -
Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat invent the mathematics of probability and statistics.
Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, two eminent mathematicians, exchanged correspondence in the middle of the 17th century that provided the groundwork for probability and altered how scientists and mathematicians regarded uncertainty and risk.