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Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades
Religious wars directed by The Latin Church in the medieval period. -
Oct 21, 1097
Siege of Antioch
Antioch lay on the crusaders’ path to Palestine. The city was strategically located and so, it could be used for supplies and other purposes. -
Jun 23, 1148
Siege of Damacus
The Zengid ruler Nur-ad-Din Zangi came upon the Crusader army with reinforcements and attacked it. The crusaders were forced to retreat which resulted in a decisive Crusader defeat. -
Sep 7, 1191
Battle of Arsuf
It was fought between the forces of Saladin and Richard the Lionheart (King Richard). -
Period: 1346 to 1352
The Black Death
A global plague pandemic, in the medieval Europe, killing millions of people. -
1347
Army infected
Plague has infected soldiers, they die from the disease, Janibeg catapults their plague-infested bodies into the town to infect his enemies. -
1347
Plague arrives in Europe
Takes a great toll on all of Europe, claiming the lives of an estimated 25 million people by 1351, including half of the population of 100,000 in Paris, France. -
1348
Anti-Semitic rage
The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities. -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Ren
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Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
A period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. -
1434
Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral.
It was built around the extant Church of Santa Reparata, so that there would be a place to say mass during the construction of the new church. -
1439
The Printing Press by Johannes Gutenberg
It revolutionized the manufacturing of books, and also the studies of the arts and sciences. -
1455
The Gutenberg Bible
His Bible was the earliest major book printed using mass-produced movable metal type in Europe. -
Jan 2, 1492
The Battle of Granada
It was a siege of the city of Granada fought over a period of months leading up to its surrender. The city was captured by the combined forces of Aragon and Castile (recently united as Spain) from the armies of the taifa Muslim kingdom of Granada. -
May 3, 1494
Christopher Columbus first sights Jamaica
Spanish colonists settled the island fifteen years later, and it fell into British hands in 1655. Although the Spanish introduced slavery to Jamaica, the British oversaw its development. -
Period: 1495 to 1527
High Ren
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1497
The Bacchus by Michelangelo
The sculpture is of the god of wine, who is holding a cup and appears drunk. The references to classical antiquity are clear in the subject matter, and the body of the god is based on the Apollo Belvedere. -
1498
The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci
The painting depicts the last meal shared by Jesus and the 12 Apostles where he announces that one of them will betray him. When finished, the painting was acclaimed as a masterpiece of design. -
Oct 31, 1517
The 95 Theses by Martin Luther
He propounded that the Bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds. -
Period: Oct 31, 1517 to
The Reformation
The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the split of the Western Church into Protestantism and what is now the Roman Catholic Church. -
Nov 8, 1519
Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico for Spain
Cortés razed Tenochtitlan, building his own capital over its ruins, and proclaimed the Aztec Empire to be New Spain. Soon after the Spanish colonization of Cuba, a small army led by Hernán Cortés conquered Mexico from the Aztecs. -
Jan 1, 1524
European Wars of Religion
The religious wars were cause by the Protestant Reformation in western and northern Europe. Between Catholics and Protestants. -
Period: 1527 to
Late Ren
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Feb 21, 1530
Charles V is crowned emperor in Bologna, by Pope Clement VII.
Charles became emperor due to the fact that by paying huge bribes to the electors, he was the highest bidder. -
1533
Henry the 8th of England Excommunicated
He was looking for a way out of his marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, ignored the pope's warning. He went on to marry Anne Boleyn, leading to his excommunication of the most important schisms in the history of Christianity. -
Period: 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
The resurrection of modern-day science. Developments in various branches of studies, especially in chemistry, physics, math, astrophysics and biology. -
Jul 21, 1545
The first landing of French troops onto the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion.
The invasion was repulsed. France had a long history of attacking the Isle of Wight. Campaign proved to be the last time to date that the French have attempted to take it. -
William Gilbert finds that Earth has magnetic poles
William defined these poles correctly and established that the earth behaves like a giant magnet. -
Galileo publishes Two New Sciences
Galileo was under house arrest that he wrote one of his finest works, Two New Sciences, he summarized the work he had done some forty years earlier, on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials. -
Thirty Years' War ends
That changed the map of Europe irrevocably. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. -
Peace of Westphalia
European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. -
Newton announces his Colors Theory to the Royal Society
Newton concluded that light is composed of coloured particles which combine to appear white.