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Period: 1095 to 1291
The Crusades
The Crusades were a long series of religious wars initiated, and supported by The Latin in the medieval period. -
Oct 21, 1096
The Battle of Civetot
This crusade was known as the peasants crusade due to the Christians mainly having peasants from their land. This was the first notable fight between Muslims and Christians. This resulted in a disastrous outcome for the Christian crusaders. https://www.medievalchronicles.com/the-crusades/top-10-famous-events-of-the-crusades/ -
Oct 20, 1097
Siege of Antioch
Antioch which is what they were fighting over lays on the crusaders’ path to Palestine. The Muslim forces inside the city led a sortie to engage the crusaders but were defeated and driven back. https://www.medievalchronicles.com/the-crusades/top-10-famous-events-of-the-crusades/ -
Jun 7, 1099
Siege of Jerusalem
After achieving several successful battles in the area and lands surrounding Jerusalem, the Crusader forces finally converged on Jerusalem and laid siege to the city on June 7, 1099. This led to a successful assault in which Fatimid forces were defeated. https://www.medievalchronicles.com/the-crusades/top-10-famous-events-of-the-crusades/ -
Jul 1, 1147
Siege of Lisbon
The Siege of Lisbon was one of the very few important events of the Second Crusade. In this siege, the city of Lisbon was under siege by the Crusaders and Portuguese forces. The Moorish rulers of the city agreed to surrender the city that was under siege. -
Period: 1346 to 1353
The Black Death
The Black Death was bubonic plague pandemic in Western Eurasia and North Africa. -
1347
The Arrival of the Black Death
It all started when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. People who had gathered on the docks were met with a horrifying surprise Most of the sailors aboard the ships were dead. The ones who weren't dead and still alive were covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death -
1348
False logic
By this logic, the only way to overcome the plague was to win God’s forgiveness. Some people believed that the way to do this was to purge their communities of heretics and other troublemakers so, for example, many thousands of Jews were massacred. https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death#understanding-the-black-death -
1348
The Spread
The black death reached Rome and Florence, two cities that are at the center of an elaborate web of trade routes. By the middle of 1348, the Black Death had struck Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon and London. https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death#understanding-the-black-death -
1348
Treatment
One form of treatment is something that we've used recently and that is Quarantining. They used to quarantine people and it was first used in Venice. http://hosted.lib.uiowa.edu/histmed/plague/ -
Period: 1400 to
Age of Exploration
It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. -
Period: 1400 to 1495
Early Renaissance
The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. -
1450
Printing press
The invention of the Gutenberg printing press made improved communication throughout Europe and for ideas to spread more quickly. Which is one reason so many things were created. https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/renaissance#:~:text=The%20Renaissance%20was%20a%20fervent,classical%20philosophy%2C%20literature%20and%20art. -
1453
War
The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople, compelling many Greek thinkers and their works to move westward. That same year, the Hundred Years War ended, bringing stability to northwestern Europe. https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
1488
Bartolomeu Dias
Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa and into the Indian Ocean. His discoveries effectively established the sea route between Europe and Asia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias -
1492
Columbus
Christopher Columbus finds the Americas. He was the first European to sight the Bahamas archipelago and then the island later named Hispaniola, now split into Haiti and the Dominican Republic. On his subsequent voyages he went farther south, to Central and South America. He was never close to finding the U.S.
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/christopher-columbus#:~:text=Explorer%20Christopher%20Columbus%20(1451%E2%80%931506,board%20his%20ship%20Santa%20Maria. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
Portugal and Spain became the early leaders in the Age of Exploration. Through the Treaty of Tordesillas the two countries agreed to divide up the New World. Portugal got Brazil, India, and Asia while Spain got most of the Americas. https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php -
1495
The Last Supper
The Last supper painted by one of the best renaissance painters Leonardo Da Vinci, it is one of his most famous and fascinating masterpieces. The subject of many legends and controversies. Painted between 1495 and 1498, the work is enormous, measuring 15 by 29 feet (4.6 x 8.8 meters). https://www.thoughtco.com/john-or-mary-magdalene-last-supper-182499 -
Period: 1495 to 1527
High Renaissance
In art history, the High Renaissance was a short period of the most exceptional artistic production in the Italian states. -
1503
Changes in Politics
By the first half of the 16th century, the Renaissance was impacting and impacted by political events throughout Europe. In 1503, Julius II was appointed pope, which started the Roman Golden Age. https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
1503
Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci did start painting the Mona Lisa in 1503 or 1504 in the Italian city, but in 1516 he was invited by King François I to work in France, and scholars believe he finished the painting there, and there it has remained. https://www.artstor.org/2014/12/08/the-travels-and-travails-of-the-mona-lisa/#:~:text=Leonardo%20da%20Vinci%20did%20start,and%20there%20it%20has%20remained. -
1504
David sclupture
The statue was commissioned for one of the buttresses of the cathedral of Florence and was carved from a block of marble that had been partially blocked out by other sculptors and left outdoors. The statue was sculpted by famous sculptor Michelangelo. https://www.britannica.com/topic/David-sculpture -
Period: 1517 to
The Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe. -
1519
Spain explorers
Spain sent over conquistadors to conquer the people of the Americas and to get rich. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. They made Spain rich with the gold and silver they found in the Americas. https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php -
1521
Martin Luther staring the Reformation
Even though the Reformation is mostly considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517, he was not excommunicated by Pope Leo X until January 1521. The Diet of Worms of May 1521 condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation -
1522
Martin Luther Bible Translation
In 1522 Luther's German translation of the New Testament was published. At the time there was no actual German language just different dialects. Luther's bible translation had an important influence on unifying the German language, and but regions remaining catholic did not partake in this till the 18th century. http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/reformation-switzerland-calvin.html -
1524
Luther spreading his word
When German peasants, inspired in part by Luther’s empowering “priesthood of all believers,” turned against in 1524, Luther sided with Germany’s princes. By the Reformation’s end, Lutheranism had become the state religion throughout a lot of Germany, Scandinavia, and the Baltics. -
Period: 1527 to
Late Renaissance
The Late Renaissance, often also called the Mannerist, period, is characterized by artworks that typically took other works of art as models. -
Period: 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution refers to a period of time roughly from 1500 to 1700 which witnessed fundamental transformations in people’s attitudes towards the natural world. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg (1555) temporarily eased the tensions arising from the crazy Reformation, by allowing the legal co-existence of Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire. https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
Jan 15, 1558
Elizabeth I
England's Golden Age began when Elizabeth I was crowned queen in 1558. During her time ruling England she established Protestantism. https://www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077 -
Romeo and Juliet
The archetypal story of two star-crossed lovers, written sometime between 1591 and 1596, is thought by some to have been performed for the first time on Jan. 29, 1595. https://www.ibtimes.com/day-shakespeares-romeo-juliet-was-first-performed-3133311 -
Sun in the Center
Galileo Galilei observes Jupiter’s four largest moons, disproving church dogma that all movement in the universe is centered on Earth.