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The Greeks wrote down many of there historical triumphs and stories, giving modern day people a glimpses into Ancient Greek society.
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While today they are know as the Olympic games, the Panhellenic games tested the best athletes from each Greek Poleis.
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During Pericles' ruling of Athens, he transitioned Athens from a system of oligarchies to one of the democracy. Where the leaders would be chosen by the people and not the tyrant.
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Xerxes dispatched his massive army to retake the rebelling states of Greece. With only 6% of the cities helping, the Greeks ended up crushing the Persian army and secured their independence.
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While Socrates was not the first philosopher, he was the first of a sort of linage of great philosophers. Socrates would teach Plato, who intern would teach Aristotle. These three men are still considered some of the greatest thinkers to this day.
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After the war with Persia, two coalition of Poleis rose up. The Delian League was led by Athens while the Peloponnesian League Was led by Sparta. It was only a matter of time before these two league went to war. Sparta ended up victorious, yet the war had drastically changed the power dynamics of Greece.
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King Philip II of the northern Greek state of Macedon was the first person to bring every Greek polis under one power. He achieved this thanks to the southern polis constant waring with each other and his outstanding military tactics.
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Only two years after his conquest of Greece. King Philip II was murdered by one of his bodyguards. His son ascended to the throne and proceeded with his fathers plans of invading Persia.
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Philip's son, Alexander III of Macedon, began his invasion into Persian lands. His military tactics and in person leading of troupes caused him to be an unstoppable force.
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At no point did Persia have a deceived victory against Greek forces. The war with Persia came to a conclusive end with the burning of the Persepolis palace and Darius III assassination by his noblemen. Alexander was now the king of the worlds greatest empire.
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Alexander the Great died of unknown causes after coming home from his invasion of India. He appointed no predecessor to the throne and caused his great empire to be shattered into pieces.