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Schism.
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by Martin Luther, marking the beginning of the European Reformation.
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The first English translation of the New Testament of the Bible, translated by William Tyndale.
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Schism = church were separated from the Roman Catholic Church, the king was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England" because of his Great Matter.
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Rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire; they were against the Reformation as well as the dissolution of the monasteries. They wanted the restoration of Catholicism and those rebellions lasted 6 months. However, they were severely and brutally repressed by public hangings.
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The dissolution of monasteries had huge impacts on monks and nuns, on the social fabric of communities and on the clergy's finances. It was a sort of nationalisation.
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No more Latin Bible and the English Bible was soon mandatory in every church.
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The Roman Catholic church tried to correct some abuses of the church and severely condemned protestants. He said not to attend Anglican church services.
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the young king.
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by Edward VI who eradicated the Roman Catholic practices, and allowed the marriage of clergy by publishing this book. However, it led to rebellions in Cornwall and Devon.
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the Catholic Restoration.
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Over 200 Protestants went to the stake because the Queen wanted to restore Catholism as it was before. Protestantism was confined to secrecy and Protestants were forced to flee the country. They were the "Marian exiles".
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The "Middle Way"; she was a sincere protestant but she tried to pacify religious divisions by keeping some elements from the Catholic Church such as episcopal structure and to adopt new Protestant features such as the English Bible.
It created two unsatisfied groups : Puritans (extreme Protestants) and Catholics (extreme Catholics). -
Church organisation :
- the Pope had no authority
- the Queen had authority over the Church and became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England". -
Religious belief :
- every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer.
- fines for people who didn't attend an Anglican service. -
Repression of Catholics, any catholic person had to die and every Catholic Mass were forbidden. 163 people died during the repression (1577 - 1603).
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The catholic nobility wanted to replace Elizabeth I by Mary Stuart, her cousin because she was catholic but the Queen of England heard about the plot. Mary Stuart were with Catholics.
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Since Elizabeth I found out that her cousin was Catholics' complice, she decided to execute Mary Stuart. She was executed in Fotheringham Castle, she wore a red dress which was the colour of Catholic martyrs.