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1 CE
19.1 - Europe - Silk Road reopens
Chinese and Romans did their businesses together. Products moved between East and West along Silk Road. A caravan route that started in China and ended at the Mediterranean Sea. When both the Roman Empire and Han dynasty fell, the travelers were no longer protected by the soldiers. Use of Silk Road declined. -
Period: 430 to 1066
Chapter 17 - The early Middle Ages.
This chapter includes Saint Patrick (400), Benedict(500), Charlemagne (700), William the conqueror (not sure when), Eleanor the Aquitaine (1122-1204). -
500
17.1 (but taken from 17.2) - Europe - Middle Ages begins
It’s called Middle Ages because it is between the ancient times and modern times. Another name for the Middle Ages is called the medieval times. Europe was divided into many small kingdoms and the creation of these small kingdoms were the beginning of the Middle Ages/medieval times. -
700
17.2 - Europe - Charlemagne leads the Franks .
Charlemagne was a great leader , warrior and king. He led the franks in building a big empire. Charlemagne built schools across Europe. He brought scholars to teach in his capital at Aachen. Their teachings helped shape religious and social life in Europe for centuries. -
1000
17.3 - Europe - feudalism reaches Britain and England.
It was brought there by a French noble named William. He was the duke of Normandy in northern France. He then de cided to conquer England. After he conquered William he was known as William the conqueror. This was the beginning of feudalism in England. -
1000
17.4 (taken from 17.3) - Europe - towns becoming big cities
Most people lived on manors and farms. Then this situation began to change, small towns became big cities and new towns appeared. Europe’s population increased because more food was available. There were a lot of new improvements that upped their economy. -
Period: 1066 to 1492
Chapter 18 - The later Middle ages
This chapter includes the first crusade(1096), second crusades (1147), third crusades (1189), fourth crusades (1201-1291) -
1073
18.1 - Europe - New pope comes to power
In Rome a new pope came to power. He was called Pope Gregory VII. He had a dilemma with Emperor Henry IV where Gregory disapproved a bishop chosen by Henry. Henry convinced that they should remove Gregory as pope. As a result, Henry was excommunicated by Gregory. Henry begged for forgiveness and eventually got it from Gregory in three days. This proves that the pope has more power than the emperor. -
1096
18.2 - Europe - Furst crusade begins.
Approx. 5000 crusaders left Europe for the holy land in 1096. The first group of people to set out were peasants and not soldiers. These peasant crusaders blamed the Jews in Germany for Jesus’s death so they attacked them. Unfortunately, before even reaching the holy land most of them were killed by Turkish troops. These peasants weren’t prepared because they were poorly equipped and untrained. -
1100
18.3 - Europe - New religious orders begin.
Some monks thought that the Cluny’s rules weren’t strict enough so they created new rules that were even stricter. Some took vows of silence and stopped speaking to each other! Some lived in tiny rooms and only left them for church services. Men weren’t the only ones to create and join religious orders. Women could do these too. Instead of monks they were nuns. -
1200
18.5 - Europe - Pope Innocent III decides that heresy was too great to ignore.
Pop innocent III Ted died that heresy was a big threat to ignore. He called a crusade against heretics that were in southern France. The pope encouraged the king of France and his knights to get rid of their country of heretics. As a result, there was a bloody war that went as long as 20 years. This war destroyed towns and cost thousand of people their lives. -
1215
18.4 - Europe - nobles force king to respect rights.
In the middle of this field that was called Runnymede that was near London, they made King John approve a document that they wrote. This document listed rights that the king could not ignore was called Magna Carta. This name was a Latin phrase meaning “Greater Charter”. -
Period: 1271 to
Chapter 19 - The Renaissance and reformation
This chapter includes people like : Marco Polo, Dante Alighieri , Niccolo Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Petrarch, Johann Gutenberg, Desiderius Erasmus, Albrecht Durer, Miguel de Cervantes, William Shakespeare, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Jesuits, Protestants, Catholics. -
1300
19.2 - Europe - ancient text dealt with science are rediscovered.
People in Europe could once again read works by ancient scientists in the original Greek. Renaissance scholars went on to make their own science advances after learning from these works. -
Period: 1416 to
Chapter 20 - Science and Exploration
This chapter includes important people like Aristotle , Ptolemy , Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543) , Johannes Kepler , Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) , Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) , Dias (1487-1488), Da Gama (1497-1498), Cabral (1500-1501) , Columbus (1492-1493), Magellan (1519-1522), Cartier (1534-1535), Drake(1577-1580), Cabot(1497-1498). -
1500
20.3 - Europe - Mercantilism becomes main economic policy.
Europeans saw their colonies as a way to get rich. This view of the colonies were part of an economic system called mercantilism. This system is where the government controls all economic country and its colonies to make government stronger and richer. Countries tried to export more goods than they imported to keep a favorable balance of trade. -
1519
20.2 - The globe - Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigates the world.
Ferdinand Magellan led a voyage around the South America’s southern tip.He kept sailing into the Pacific even when his ships were low on resources like food and water. He was killed before he could complete his voyage , but his crew were the first to circumnavigate the entire globe. -
1540
20.1 - Europe - The scientific revolution begins.
The scientific revolution was a period of time where scientists tried to lead events to the birth of modern science. Before the scientific revolution, educated people that studied the world relied on explanations from authorities like Ancient Greek writers or Catholic Church officials. After, the educated people felt freer and gained knowledge by studying the world around them and used logic to explain what they saw. -
19.3 - Europe - Protestants rise up in revolt.
This rebellion spreads through the Holy Roman Empire starting from thirty years’ war. The Holy Roman Emperor seeked help from other catholic countries. Protestants seeked allies. The Catholic king of France agreed to help them because he does not like the Holy Roman Empire. -
21.3 - England - Conflicts lead to a civil war.
For a long time , the English Parliament and English Monarchy never had a good relationship between them. The led to a civil war. Representatives of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell took over the country. King Charles I, was charged with crimes and beheaded . Cromwell became a dictator and the years of his rule was troubled and violent. -
Period: to
Chapter 21 - Ideas of the Enlightenment
This chapter include some famous people like Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Mary Wollstonecraft , King Louis XIV, Federick II, Empresss Catherine, John Locke , Charles-Louis Montesquieu , Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson , Olivia Cromwell, King Charles I, King Charles II, King James II, William and Mary of England, James Madison, Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI, Maximilian Robespierre. -
21.1 - France - Voltaire is born .
Voltaire becomes a very influential philosopher. He uses his intelligence and sense of justice to make fun of religious ideas. In his writings he argued that the purpose of life is the pursuit of human happiness through progress in science and art. -
21.2 - London - Benjamin Franklin goes to London.
Benjamin Franklin goes to London and addressed the House Of Commons in Parliament. He argued that the British government had no right to tax the colonists because they had no representatives in Parliament. His argument inspired a lot of riots against the tax in the colonies . The riots persuaded British government to get rid of the Stamp Act. -
Modern day event - chapter 17 - monks/monasteries
These are religious men who lived apart from their society in isolated communities. They travel to spread Christian teachings. They were organized and followed the rules that intended to help them live as good Christians. Today we also have monks and monasteries everywhere. -
Modern day event - chapter 18 - universities.
Early universities were created by the church. The church’s goal was to teach people about religion. Some other universities created by groups of students who went searching for teachers who could tell them about the world. Most teachers that taught in the universities were also in the clergy. Besides religion
, they also taught medicine, astronomy, and other courses. The classes were taught in Latin. Today we also have universities in all kind of languages and with all kinds of courses. -
Modern day event - chapter 19 - math symbols
Renaissance scientists studied mathematics and ancient texts and built ideas from them. They created the square root symbols and the positive and negative symbols for the numbers. -
Modern day event - chapter 20 - Thermometer
Galileo Galilei invented the thermometer to measure temperature. He believed that scientific study would change the way people understood themselves and their world. Today we use thermometer to measure temperature. -
Modern day event - chapter 21. English Bill of a rights.
The English bill of rights is a document that listed rights for parliament and the English people. It drew on the principles of Magna Carta which limited rule’s power and recognized rights for the people. Today we still have these rights but a much improved version.