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Made every free person living in the Empire a citizen, thus ruled by Roman law (ius civile)
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Only certain jurists may be cited in the trial: Papinianus, Paulus, Ulpianus, Modestinus and Gaius
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This letter started the theory of the two swords, that highlights the difference between political power and canonical power, stating that the Emperor has one and the Pope has the other, and equilibrium will be achieved as long as they remain separated
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By Alaric the second. Also known as the Lex Romana Visigothorum.
An anthology as law. The code (having Roman law as the source for making laws) abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Romans (leges romanae) and Visigoths (leges barbarorum). Now, all subjects of the kingdom were gathered under the same jurisdiction. -
During this age, there are a lot of background problems (hunger, epidemics, plagues...) that made survival the most important thing, leaving law in a secondary position.
Jurists disappear as a professional category until the 12th century. -
The exact date is not clear, but they begin sometime around the middle end of the 6th century.
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A time of changes, the church split into the eastern and western churches
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When the feudalism begins to crumble, society starts to change.
Markets and new social classes appear, and soon jurists will be needed again. -
It was Gregory VII’s reform in the canonical life, gave religious power back to the Pope.
Shortly after, the investiture problem begins (explained in the link)
https://youtu.be/tSwAof5S0cs -
Towns are the new form of political power.
People there are free. They moved there mainly because of the agricultural revolution.
