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The ancient kingdom of Ghana in west Africa is the first to be established at the southern end of the Saharan trade routes places them on the map for trade
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Ife emerges as a powerful kingdom in the equatorial forest of the lower Niger, significant because Ife controls that part of West Africa
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Greek texts, translated by Arabic scholars, gradually make their way through the Muslim world to Christian Europe significant because they translated important texts so they get noticed by other big countries
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Portugal claims ownership of the region of Guinea, subsequently the center of their slave trade on the west African coast, significant because they lose control over that part of their region