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The city is known from as early as the 19th Century.
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Hellenistic period; Palmyra incorporated into the Seleucid Kingdom.
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The Roman Republic annexes the Seleucid Kingdom; Palmyra remains independent.
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Roman General Mark Antony attacks.
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Becomes a tributary of the Roman Empire, included in the province of Syria; retains much independence, a prosperous period; called 'Palmyra' by Rome.
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Assigned to the province of Phoenicia; trade affected by Roman-Parthian war.
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Visited by Emperor Hadrian and declared a 'free city'; sets and collects its own taxes.
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Roman garrison established
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Made a Roman colonia or colony under Emperor Caracalla
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Visited by Emperor Severus Alexander
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Emperor Valerian gives Odaenathus the title 'Corrector of the East' and charge of Roman forces
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Odaenathus and son assassinated; his wife, Zenobia, assumes power and defeats many neighbours
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Palmyra beseiged by Emperor Aurelian; Zenobia, assumes power and defeats many neighbours
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Palmyrenes massacre 600 Roman archers; Aurelian's legionaries retaliate, razing the city and slaughtering the citizens. Palmyra never recovers
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Emperor Diocletian fortifies Palmyra as a stronghold on the eastern boundary of the Roman Empire
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Roman emperor Constantine converts to Christianity
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Palmyra becomes a Christain city; record of a bishop in residence
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Emperor Justinian rebuilds Palmyra's defences; city now primarily a military outpost
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Palmyra conquered by a Muslim army led by Khaled ibn al-Walid