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Osman l was a leader of the Turkish tribes in Anatolia and also founded the Ottoman Empire.
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The Byzantine Empire ended when the Ottomans breached Constantinople ancient land wall after attacking the city for 55 days.
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The Turks went on their conquest until they finally seized all of northern Serbian territory. The only Serbian territories that were free were parts of Bosnia and Zera. When the fall of Zeta happened Serbia then was ruled by the Ottoman Empire for around three centuries.
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The Ottoman Empire was apart of the three disparate provinces Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul that take up modern day Iraq. The Safavids, a group led by Ismail Shah, conquered Iraq. This started a series of protracted battles with the Ottomans.
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Ottoman Sultan Selim l conquered Egypt defeating the Mameluk forces immediately outside Cairo.
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Suleiman the Magnificent became the king of the Ottoman Empire, at the start of the “Golden Age” of the Empires long history before death. As the king he was an excellent leader who helped transform the Empire into an economic powerhouse. He also changed the law and created a single legal code.
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The Italo-Turkish War was a war between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy. The result of this was the Ottoman Turks refused the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy.
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Suleiman the Magnificent died before the Ottoman victory at the battle of Szigetvar in Hungary. His death was actually kept a secret during a retreat.
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This was an expedition from the Ottomans against the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Leopold l. This resulted in the defeat by a combined force brought by John lll Sobieski of Poland. The siege marked the beginning of the end of the domination of the Ottomans in Eastern Europe.
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The Treaty of Carlowitz was a peace settlement that ended hostile behavior between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Austria, Poland, Venice, and Russia). This transferred Transylvania and a lot of Hungary from Turkish control to Austrian control.
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The tulip period was a period of peace. The Ottoman Empire began to start forms of elite consumption and sociability.
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The Greek Independence was a rebellion between the Greeks within the Ottoman Empire. This was a struggle which ended in the establishment of an independent kingdom of Greece.
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The Ottoman Empire joined the central powers and they were the last members of the quartet and the kingdom of Bulgaria.
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The Ottoman Empire ended when the tittle of Ottoman Sultan was eliminated. Turkey was then declared a republic on October 29, 1923 because Mustafa Kerman Atatrurk founded the independent republic of Turkey.