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William's coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066. He completed the establishment of feudalism in England, compiling detailed records of land and property in the Domesday Book, and kept the barons firmly under control. William's early years were marked by violence and disorder. William quickly besieged the rebel Arques-la-Bataille castle and it was surrendered to him in 1053. Harold was slain and William achieved a decisive victory.
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he captured Harfleur and defeated the French at Agincourt. He invaded again in 1417–19, capturing Rouen. His military victory forced the French into the Treaty of Troyes in 1420, which gave Henry control of the French government. Henry was knighted aged 12 by Richard II on his Irish expedition 1399, and experienced war early. He was wounded in the face by an arrow fighting against his military tutor Harry 'Hotspur' at Shrewsbury.
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In her early years she was dependent on her Prime Minister Lord Melbourne and her uncle King Leopold of Belgium for advice,but increasingly her husband Albert became her main advisor.He was involved in organising the Great Exhibition in 1851,and persuaded her to take a more constitutional role in leaving the rule of the nation and Empire to Parliament.She had four sons,five daughters and 42 grandchildren who were married to royalty across Europe making her the ‘grandmother of Europe’.
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He was naturally diffident and anxious, and suffered from a speech impediment. But he never lacked bravery or enterprise, and had a strong sense of Duty. He had fought as a young naval officer at the Battle of Jutland in World War I, and was the first member of the Royal Family to learn to fly. In 1923 he married Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. He became King George VI in December 1936 following the death of his father George V and the abdication of his brother.
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On the death of George VI in 1952 she succeeded to the throne while in Kenya with her husband and was crowned on 2 June 1953 The reign of Queen Elizabeth II since 1952 has spanned a period of rapid and occasionally turbulent change. Britain’s position in the world, her economy,and the very shape and structures of society have all been transformed and many traditional institutions have suffered in the process.
