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Napoleons armies had been driven back from Moscow, the Russian troops and the fierce eastern cold taking thousands of French lives.
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Napoleon returns to Paris
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He had been resoundingly defeated at Leipzig by the allies of The Fourth Coalition (Russia, Britain, Austria and Prussia) and the French army was thown into perpetual retreat.
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Senate proclaims end of the Empire; Napoleon's wife and son flee Paria
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Napoleon abdicates his rule and Louis XVIII, a Bourbon, is restored to the French throne
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Napoleon is exiled to Elba
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Escaping Elba, Napoleon returns to France
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Napoleon takes control, begins "Hundred Days" campaign
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Defeated in the Battle of Waterloo by the British and Prussians, led by Wellington and Blucher
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Abdicates for the second time
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Napoleon is exiled to Saint Helena
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Napoleon dies
