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New Culture Movement
Chen Duxiu starts Youth Magazine to promote critiquing of the state in a new rise of academia. The New Culture movement pushed the idea of a new modern China separate from the past.
Yuan Shikai- last pertinent figure from the past. Military leader. When he dies China moves on. -
May 4th
-After China does not gain reparations from WW2 in the Treaty of Versailles, Chinese youth protest imperialism and colonialism in the May 4th Movement.
- Li Dazho and Sun Yat-sen co-found the CCP (Sun Yat-sen dies in 1925 before the uniting of the KMT and the Northern Expedition) -
1st United Front & the Northern Expedition
-1st United Front where the CCP and the newly united KMT work together to remove war lords.
- KMT is a united front with Chaing Kaishek as the leader. Nanjing is set as the KMT capital. -
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The Nanjing Decade
-The time the the KMT occupied Nanjing as the capital during it's united rule. -
Murkden Incident
-Japanese invade Manchkuo (the Manchu state) and occupy in order state test the authority of Chinese government.
-KMT didn't do anything to stop it because they were too busy fighting the CCP. -
Long March
-CCP's Long March in order to avoid the KMT and restrengthen the army. Also a time to liberate people in rural areas and inform them about the CCP. The Long March was roughly 1,200 miles from SE China to N China -
2nd Sino Japanese War
-Marco Polo Incident is considered to be the start of the 2nd Sino Japanese War. Japanese attack Beijing at the Marco Polo bridge. 2nd Sino Japanese War lasts roughly one year.
-2nd United Front- The CCP and KMT unite to fight the 2nd Sino Japanese war.
-Rape of Nanjing- The Japanese attack and pillage the capital of the KMT. 300,000+ dead. Considered to be a big turning point. -
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Civil War
Civil stretches on for four years. Ultimately the CCP comes out victorious due to the lack of unity and strength in people in the KMT. The People's Republic of China is established as a communist state. Chaing Kaishek is exiled to Taiwan where he re-establishes to KMT. -
Hundred Flowers Movement
Chairman Mao encourages critiquing of the CCP in order to promote free speech and improve governance. This ultimately backfires when people critique Mao directly. -
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Great Leap Forward
-1st five year plan- collectivization, rural farmers focu on agriculture, urban areas build work units and communes
-Krushchev disagrees with Mao and lifts aid which leads to the Sino Soviet split
-Great Leap Forward (2nd five year plan) work units and communes focus on industry and land is given back to farmers. state is depended on for farming and providing for the population. this lead to great famine.
- Lei Fung was considered be the perfect communist citizen and dedicated follower of Mao. -
People's Republic of China
The People's Republic of China is founded by Zhou Enlai who focuses on reform and saves officials from red guard attacks during the fall of the republic. -
Cultural Revolution
-Mao is considered to be a dead ancestor so he launches this movement to regain political power and strengthen the CCP.
-Lin Biao is military leader and Mao's right hand man until he loses Mao's trust and crashes his plane in Manchuria while fleeing the country.
-The gang of four helps enforce the movement and they are arrested after Mao's death (Mao's wife included).
Red Guards- students that promote Mao's movement. -
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping steps up to power when Zhou Enlai dies. He leads a communist regime with a market economy "socialism with Chinese characteristics". Deng is a practical leader who focuses on industrial reform. His two biggest reforms were the 4 modernizations and the household responsibility policy (rural farmers feed their families off of their crops and then can sell excess for profit). -
Tiananmen Square
Student led protests over the death of a liberal leader that lead to military crack down and the death of many protesters.