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Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Empire
Established by Muhammad Babur in 1526, the Mughal Empire was a Muslim Empire in India. Akbar, Barbur's grandson, was an architect who expanded the Mughal Empire through conquest. Shah Jahan rebuilt Delhi (capital) and did major building projects such as more walkways, waterways, and the Taj Mahal. Auranzeb took away religious toleration and made Islam the basis of the Mughal government. The Mughal Empire fell due to wars with Hindu rulers and it collapsed after the British arrived to end them. -
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Enlightenment
The Enlightenment period was an intellectual movement where thinkers used reason and the scientific method, rather than religious teachings, to help them understand the world. Some of these great philosophers were John Locke (believed in natural rights), Voltaire (believed in religious tolerance), and Montesquieu (believed in the separation of powers). It took place in Europe. It started because people began questioning life and looked to reason for answers. -
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French Revolution (& Napoleon)
The French Revolution was about a year uprising in France against the monarchy, which resulted in France becoming a republic. Back then, there were 3 estates. The 1st and 2nd had good lives and had money, whereas in the 3rd, some people had okay lives while others suffered. King Louis XVI was the monarch in France who believed that the people shouldn't have rights or freedoms. The suffering of the majority and the awful ruler lead to a revolution of the people. -
Tennis Court Oath - French Revolution
The Tennis Court Oath was when the National Assembly decided not to disband until it had written a constitution. It took place in 1798 in Versailles. It was important because it was when the Third Estate funally decided to break off from the Estates General and come up with their own constitution. It was a sign of true rebellion and it definitely made the revolution pick up. -
Creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man - French Revolution
In late August of 1789, the National Assembly issed the Declaration of the Rights of Man.This declaration was their ideas on freedoms and how life should be lived. It gave people more freedoms and rights. The National Assembly decided to keep Louis XVI in power, but he had to follow a constitutional monarchy. They created this declaration because they weren't happy with the absolute monarchy and the way people were treated. -
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Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a time when the slaves of Saint-Domingue (French portion of Hispaniola) revolted and freed Haiti. There were many more slaves in Saint-Domingue than free whites. The French settlers made the locals (Tainos) do their work. They also forced their religion upon them. Basically, the Tainos got mad because these foreigners came in and took over their lives. So, they revolted. They burned the plantations they worked on, and ran away and became Maroons. -
Boukman Revolt - Haitian Revolution
Dutty Boukman was a former slave and a voodoo priest who organized a slave rebellion in August of 1791. This was considered the starting point of the Haitian Revolution. This uprising consisted of slaves burning down fields and facilities. The whites that lived there panicked and tried to get help from other nations, but no one helped. They started killing the revolting slaves to try to get them to stop. -
Reign of Terror Began- French Revolution
A group of Jacobins led by Maximilien Robespierre decided to get rid of the Legislative Assembly. They were called the Committee of Public Safety and their job was to eliminate anyone against France and its Revolution. They started killing thousands of French people (including Louis XVI) and people were so afraid of Robespierre that they called this time the "Reign of Terror." If they were accused of being against the revolution, they would be decapitated by the guillotine. -
Rise of Napoleon - French Revolution
In 1799, Napoleon (a great general for the French army) began winning battles and gaining land for France. When he returned from battle, the people saw him as a hero. In November, his coup d'etat abolished the directory and he became somewhat in charge, and by 1804 he was France's ruler. He made mandy changes such as lycees, concordat, abd the Napoleonic Code (his own set of laws.) -
Creation of the Haitian Constitution of 1801 - Haitian Revolution
in 1801, Toussaint L'ouverture, a leader of the Haitian Revolution, created a new constitution for Haiti. This document abolished slavery and gave all citizens equal rights, but it made Voodoo illegal, which was the religion that the majority practiced. It also didn't free Saint Domingue from France, but made everyone living there French citizens. This meant that Toussaint was their leader. The people were angry and in 1801 they revoltued against him. -
Opium War - Imperialism
The Opium War was when Britain refused to stop smuggling and trading illegal opium in China. China had no other option but to go to war. This was called the Opium Way, and it happened mostly at sea. Britain is practically known for having a strong navy, so they obviously defeated China. China signed the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 at teh end of the war. Britain didn't stop the selling of opium, but now China definitely couldn't do anything about it. -
Signing of the Treaty of Nanjing - Imperialism
The Treaty of Nanjing was signed at the end of the Opium War in 1842. It was a treaty between Britain and China that gave Britain Hong Kong and opened up the land to foreign missionaries. It also paved the way for other treaties and gave other countries such as the U.S extraterritorial rights. This made the Chinese people unhappy, but there wasn't much they could do about it at that time. Britain was powerful and they navy could easily wipe out the Chinese again. -
Treaty of Kanagawa - Imperialism
After Matthew Perry, a U.S navy commander came to Japan, Japan realized how behind they were in Imperialism and Industrialization. He brought a letter from the president that said that if they didn't trade with the U.S, they were going to be attacked. That led to the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854. It allowed the U.S to set up an embassy, let more foreigners in, and gave those foreigners extraterritorial rights. -
Berlin Conference - Imperialism
The Berlin Conference was when 14 of the European nations met in 1884-1885 to figure out how Africa was going to be divided up between them. No African representatives were invited to the conference, so the Europeans split the continent up however they wanted. Belgium had one of the first colonies in Africa, which was in the Congo. After the other nations saw how much Belgium gained, they all wanted a pieve of the action and therefore they met at the Berlin Conference. -
Partition of India - Imperialism
The Parition of India was on the 14th and 15th of August in 1947 and it was when India separated into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India. It was separated on the day of gaining independence from Britain. Immediately after they were freed, Pakistan was formed. The India portion was mostly formed out of Hindus, and the Pakistand portion was mostly Muslims. Pakistan was split up into two regions, the East and the West. The British had some control again and the people were unhappy.
