-
Period: 1299 to
Syria in the Ottoman Empire
-
Arab World
- Arab Revolt
- Securing independence Ottoman Empire & Arab State
-
UK Promise Arab Independence
-
Ottoman Troops Defeated
- UK did not keep its promise
-
Redrawing map of the Middle East
San Remo & Treaty of Sevres -
Period: to
Syria
Syria split up in different parts
History of Lebanon and Syria are intertwined
Civilisations had to get used to borders and states they did not have that before with the Ottoman Empire -
Period: to
Syria
State of Syria declared
Treaty of independence 1935- not ratified by France
During WWII under Vichy France invaded Syria
Independence in 1945 via UN
Instability: 3 coups in 1949, 20 cabinets in 10 years etc... -
Formation of the United Arab Republic
-
Period: to
Syria
Instability, commonalities policy
Syrian political parties dissolved and withdrawal army from politics
Viewed with worry -
Syrian Arab Republic
Coup d'état -
Period: to
Syria
Failing economy and political system
Centralized, military dictatorship was destroying Syria's political and economical life
Coups and counter-coups -
Ba'athist coup d'état
-
Period: to
Syria
Ba'ath party in crisis:
- Establishing military committee
- Internal power struggle
- New Leadership struggle -
Coup in 1966
-
Lose of the Six-Days War
Arab-Israeli War -
Hafez al-Assad becomes leader of Syria
Poor family
Enrolled in military at a young age -
Period: to
Federation of Arab Republic
-
Period: to
Syria
Syria intervene in Lebanese Civil War
Assad symbol of government
Muslim Brotherhood
Attacks in cities and Assad -
Period: to
Yom Kippur War
-
Period: to
Syria
Reversed democratization
Death of Haze
Bashar new leader
- Was not first choice but elder brother died in car accident
Damascus spring: 'reformer'?
- Came from London with fancy wife (westernised)
- Everyone expected change -
State Terrorism Hame massacre
-
Death of Haze al-Assad
-
Fall of Saddam Hussein
Huge protest against war in the Middle East -
Daraa "People want the fall of the regime"
-
Free Syrian Army
-
Period: to
Syria
Social unrest (socio-economic factors)
Initially: concessions
Aleppo and Damascus remained largely uninvolved
Captured by Salafi Jihadist groups
Chemical (Sarin) attack -
Arab Spring
School boys graffiti Dr. al-Assad -
Public March
For political prisoners and demand offers