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Nace Antonio Van Leeunwehoek
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Leeuwenhoek watches the capillaries
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Leeunwehoek describes red blood cells
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Leeunwehoek observes the protozoan
It describes numerous organisms whose determination is more or less possible today: Vorticella campanula, Oicomonas term, Oxytricha sp., Stylonychia sp., Enchelys, Vaginicola, Coleps. In a letter dated June 1, 1674 sent to Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society, van Leeuwenhoek accompanies some samples of the organisms he had observed -
Leeunwehoek-Observation of organisms in the wate
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Leeunwehoek-Its opposed by the theory of spontaneous generation.
Although at the beginning of his observations he does not seem to be against this theory, conducting some studies in the middle of the years 1670 disects lice and observes small pups of these insects in the eggs that are in the body of the females. -
Van Leeunwehoek dead
He called his friend Hoogvliet. He could not raise his hand; his eyes, before full of animation, were dull, and death began to lower his eyelids; Hoogvliet, my friend, I beg you to translate these two letters on the table into Latin ... Send them to London to the Royal Society ... Hoogvliet fulfilled his promise to be made fifty years earlier, and to writing the letters said: "I send to you, gentlemen, this last present of my dying friend, hoping that his last words will be pleasing to you." -
Lazzaro Spallazani was born
was a Catholic naturalist and priest who practiced as professor of physics and mathematics at the University of Zulia Reggio, 1757, and of logic, Greek and metaphysics in Modena. He was also director of the Mineralogical Museum of Pavia, Italy. He was born in Scandiano, Reggio, Italy. -
Spallazani esperiment's
From a specially prepared broth of meat introduced them into flasks that the same design (and that to date still remain closed and exposed in museum as heritage of history). Spallanzani observed that when the bottles were closed they did not develop or present any microorganisms, but what they opened were the perfect breeding medium for microorganisms -
Microbe world discovered
Hooke came to the reunión really excited, because Antonio Van Leewenhoek has't lied. There was the fabulous microbes, an encante world! The members of the reunión stand up y and pile up into the microscope; wheyey watch and exclaimed : That man has to be a magic watcher! -
Spallazani suffered a stroke
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Louis Pasteur was born
Chemist and bacteriologist. Formed in the Lyceum of Besançon and in the Normal Higher School of Paris, in which he had entered in 1843, Louis Pasteur obtained doctorate in sciences by this last one in 1847. -
Robert Koch was born
German Bacteriologist awarded the Nobel Prize. He discovered the bacteria that produced anthrax or anthrax and the bacteria that produced tuberculosis. He is considered, along with Louis Pasteur, the father of Bacteriology, and who laid the foundations of modern medical microbiology. -
Élie Metchnikoff
Zoologist and microbiologist, born in a place near Kharkov. Its name in Russian is Ilya Ilich Mechnikov. -
Walter Reed was born
Walter Reed was born and raised in Belroi, an unincorporated community in Gloucester County in the eastern part of the Middle Peninsula in Virginia -
Pierre Paul Émile Roux was born
French bacteriologist. He was the most prominent collaborator of Pasteur, and a great scholar of infectious diseases and their treatment -
Giovanni Battista Grassi was born
He was an Italian naturalist, zoologist, and botanist -
Emil Adolf von Behring was Born
He was born in Hansdrof, Germany. He was a German bacteriologist. -
Paul Ehrlich was born
He was an eminent German physician and bacteriologist. He was born in Strehlen, Silesia (today Strzelin, Poland) -
David Bruce was born
He was a doctor and pathologist. Born in Melbourne, Australia -
Ronal Ross was born
He was born in Almora, Nepal. British bacteriologist. -
Theobald Smith was born
Theobald Smith was an American pioneer epidemiologist and pathologist. -
Germ Theory-Louis Pasteur
Research for a local brewery led him to prove that the microbes that cause things to go bad float about in the air -
Pasteurization
Pasteur demonstrates that the fungi of the wines, always present, are the cause of the acetic fermentation, responsible for failing the formation and conservation of the wine. It indicates that if the wine is heated for one minute with the bottle closed (69-75 ° C), its decomposition is avoided. It then creates the pasteurization process, which forms a fundamental basis for the preparation of foods of the canned and dairy type -
Germinal theory-Pasteur
Of the silkworm: discover the agents of the disease and discover how to avoid them.The germ theory of infectious diseases is a scientific theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of a wide range of diseases. These small organisms invade humans, animals and other living guests. Its growth and reproduction within the carrier can produce a disease. Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens and the diseases they cause are called infectious diseases. -
Koch at last came out of Wollstein's exile
To tell the world that microbes were the cause of disease -
Koch proves that germs cause disease
Began to study anthrax by 1876 he had identified the microbe. Found a way to stain microbes with dyes so they could be seen with a microscope with dyes an photographed. An assistant developed the petri dish grow microbe in a solid culture (agar). Koch carried out careful test to prove theories. -
Koch discovered the microbe that caused septicaemia
The microbe was invisible even with a microscope until Koch worked out a method of using industrial dyes to stain the microbe. -
Hansen-Discovered the microbe that caused leprosy
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Pastheur and Chamberland- Developed a vaccine for chicken cholera
By giving chickens a weak dose of the infection it gave immunity against developing the fully symptoms of the disease. -
Eberth-Discovered the microbe that caused Typhold
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Koch a method for reproducing bacteria in a solid culture medium made with gelatin, and introduced the plate method to ensure pure cultures.
A mixture of bacteria was planted in gelatin and poured into this inoculated medium on a cold sterilized glass plate to harden it. Where the bacteria were trapped as the medium solidified, they multiplied into a mass, called a colony, visible to the naked eye; these colonies had to be pure, that is to say contain only one type of bacteria. -
Vaccination against anthrax- Pasteur
These experiments led to development of vaccinations for use with humans -
Koch discovered the germ that caused tuberculosis
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Klebs-Discovered the microbe that caused Diphtheria
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Koch discovered the microbe that caused cholera
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Nicholaier-Discovered the microbe that caused Tetanus
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Frankael-Discovered the microbe that caused Pneumonia
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Koch bacillus
With the help of Erlich I perfected a special method of staining (acid-fast staining) to discover the presence of the tuberculous bacillus under the microscope.
In his comprehensive report (1884) Koch expounded the essential postulates or laws, outlined first by Henle, through which he could prove that an organism is the agent of a certain disease and demonstrated how he had fulfilled these postulates in his studies on the cause of TBC -
Phagocytic Theory of Immunity
Metchnikoff snatched some thorns from a rose bush and nailed them to the body of one of those transparent starfish larvae. At dawn the thorns of the rosebush were surrounded by clubs of wandering cells. In 1884 he formulated the "phagocytic theory of immunity", which would explain the human body's ability to resist and overcome infectious diseases -
First successful use of the rabies vaccination-Pasteur
Joseph Meister a 9 Year old boy was injected, after being bitten by a dog -
Smith, collaborating with Daniel E. Salmon started working on the Texas fever
Presented the first proof that killed bacteria could be used to induce active immunity in experimental animals. -
Roberto Koch entered as an inmate to an asylum
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Brucella
David Bruce was in Malta as doctor of the British Army discovered the organism that causes the so-called Fever of Malta. He showed that humans contracted this disease by drinking milk from sick cattle. This organism was of the Brucella genus: gram-negative, cocoa bacillus -
Malaria Mosquito
Ross increased his interest in the malaria mosquito, he was a doctor of the Indian service. "Mosquitoes suck blood from malaria; the blood contains the parasites, they penetrate the stomach of the mosquitoes and emit flagella, the flagella detach and penetrate the body of the mosquitoes, turning them into a resistant form similar to the spores of anthrax.
Mosquitoes die, fall into the water and people drink the broth of dead mosquitoes. " -
Diphtheria
Studying diphtheria with Alexandre Yersin, discovered the diphtheria toxin and proposed a treatment against the disease (anti-diptertherapy) -
Inmunology
Ehrilch was devoted to the study of hematology and subsequently specialized in the study of immunity. He discovered a method for coloring and classifying white blood cells. He also discovered mast cells, which are so important in allergic processes, as was later demonstrated.
Together with Behring and Kitasato, Ehrlich succeeded in immunizing the body against certain plant substances through the formation of antitoxins. In his research on antibodies, modern immunology was founded. -
First child cured of diphtheria-Emil von Behring
And assistant of Koch developed a serum from the blood of animals that had survived the same infection. -
Antitoxins
Von Behring and Kitasato treated a girl seriously ill with diphtheria and saved her life. These findings led Behring to suspect the existence of substances, which he called antitoxins, which eliminated the toxins secreted by bacteria and which represented a great advance in the knowledge of humoral defenses. He injected diphtheria toxin and iodine trichloride bacilli into rabbits, sheep and dogs, in order to obtain the antitoxin serum that would serve as a preventive of diphtheria -
Pasteur was awarded a gold medal in a session held at the Sorbonne.
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Metchnicoff transforms from naturist to microbe hunter.
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Kitasato and Yersin-Discovered the microbe that caused plague
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Nagana
David Bruce was interested in studying the mysterious viruses that were in Africa.
From 1894, Bruce and his wife were in Natal to study everything related to the Nagana, this disease was characterized by infiltrating the best horses, sickening them, showing destruction of the fat and replacing it with watery bags in the belly and causing them an abundant nasal discharge; the eyes were covered with a milky film and they were blind. -
Trypanosoma
David Bruce was interested in studying the mysterious viruses that were in Africa.
From 1894, Bruce and his wife were in Natal to study everything related to the Nagana, this disease was characterized by infiltrating the best horses, sickening them, showing destruction of the fat and replacing it with watery bags in the belly and causing them an abundant nasal discharge; the eyes were covered with a milky film and they were blind. -
Smith reported that blackhead, an economically devastating enterohepatitis of turkeys, was caused by a protozoan called Amoeba meleagridis (now Histomonas meleagridis).
Later, that year-Smith resolved the puzzle of transmission by discovering that embryonated eggs of the intestinal roundworm Heterakis papillosa (now Heterakis gallinae) could transmit the amoebas.
He was one of the first to demonstrate the production of immunity by killed cultures of disease organisms and to show that a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin confers immunity. -
In search of the magic bullet
He inject a little bit of blue into the ear of a rabbit; saw the color spread through the blood and body of the animal, mysteriously staining the nerve endings.
Ehrlich tried to find a synthetic chemical, which once linked to certain parasites, annihilate them, trying to find a cure for malaria and syphilis -
Plasmodium
Grassi, looking under the microscope for a wart on the stomach wall of a female mosquito, 7 days after sucking blood from a malarial bird, it opened and gave way to a regiment of curious fusiform strands scattering all over the body of the mosquito.
Its demonstration that the mosquito transports, via its digestive system, the Plasmodium responsible for malaria. With Amico Bignami they demonstrated that the life cycle of the Plasmodium needs the mosquito as necessary stage -
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine-Ronald Ross
The effects of its discovery were immediate, since the morbidity and epidemiology of the disease could be controlled. Subsequently, many other places in the world, such as India, Cyprus or Mauritius, could be established. For this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1902 -
Side chain immunity
Ehrlich attempted to explain the ability of certain toxins to produce both a toxic effect and an immune response in mammals.
He argued that the cells have on their surface specific receptor molecules, or side chains, that only bind to certain chemical groups of the toxin molecules; if the cells survive this binding, there is a surplus of side chains, some of which are released into the blood in the form of circulating antitoxins, what today we would call antibodies -
Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology -Élie Metchnikoff
For the discovery of phagocytosis; award he shared with the German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich -
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine
Paul Ehrlich shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with the Russian bacteriologist Élie Metchnikoff in recognition of the work in the field of immunological chemistry. -
Salvarsan 606- Paul Ehrlich and Sahachiro Hata
The first of the so called magic bullets was developed to treat syphilis. -
Penicillin-Alexander Fleming
Penicilin was the worlds first "antibiotic" that is derived from living organism such as fungi that prevented bacteria from growing -
Prontosil- Gerhard Domagk
Gerhard discovery a die that could kill the germs of several diseases without harming the human body. This was the second of the magic bullets
