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Mexican War of Independence against Spanish colonial rule. -
Mexico becomes a federal republic with adoption of the Constitution of 1824. -
Mexican-American War results in Mexico ceding significant territory to the United States through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. -
Constitution of 1857 is promulgated, marking an era of liberal reforms. -
French Intervention and the establishment of the Second Mexican Empire under Maximilian I, followed by its overthrow. -
Mexican Revolution, a major socio-political upheaval leading to land reforms and constitutional changes. -
Mexican Revolution continues, led by Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa. -
Current Mexican Constitution is adopted, shaping the country's modern governance. -
Nationalization of oil industry, creating PEMEX, the state-owned oil company. -
Industrialization and urbanization drive significant economic changes. -
Tlatelolco massacre occurs when government forces clash with student protesters. -
Mexico City hosts the Summer Olympics. -
Mexico faces a severe economic crisis with debt default and devaluation of the peso. -
Mexico City is struck by a devastating earthquake, leading to changes in urban planning and disaster response. -
Signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada. -
Zapatista uprising in Chiapas highlights indigenous rights and social inequality. -
Indigenous rights are recognized in the San Andrés Accords. -
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) loses the presidency after over 70 years of continuous rule, marking a significant political shift. -
Controversial presidential election leads to protests and political polarization. -
Mexican drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán is captured. -
Energy reforms open the oil sector to foreign investment. -
Leftist candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador wins the presidency in a landslide.