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The Sumer form the first towns and cities. They use irrigation to farm large areas of land.
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The Sumer created powerful cities and states by building large ziggurats at the center of their cities as temples to their gods.
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Much of lower Mesopotamia is inhabited by a lot of Sumer city-states like Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Kish, Lagash, and Nippur.
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The Sumerians invented the first writing. They used pictures for words and wrote them on clay tablets.
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The Sumerians began to use wheels on vehicles.
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The Sumerians start to invent math using a number system with the base 60.
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The famous Sumerian King Gilgamesh ruled the city/state of Ur.
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The Sumerian language is replaced by Akkadian as the most spoken language in Mesopotamia.
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Blessings and songs, such as the song of Miriam
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The J source; Ruth; Job; First Isaiah; some minor prophets; first version of history books of Deuteronomy.
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Second Isaiah; Jeremiah; Ezekiel; Deuteronomy is expanded; Plsams
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The rest of the Torah; Third Isaiah; Later Prophets; Chronicles re-writes story of David to make it sound nicer
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