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The Sumerians created a set of city-states in Lower Mesopotamia: Uruk, Lagaš, Kiš, Uma, Ur, Eridu and Ea whose economy was based on irrigation
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the Semitic tribes (Arabs, Hebrews and Syrians) constantly invaded the Mesopotamian region
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According to a commemorative tablet it was Utu-hegal, king of Uruk, who defeated and expelled the gutis rulers from the Sumerian lands
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Towards 1,250 a.C. the Assyrians, who took control of the whole country, settled in the north of Babylon
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Babylon re-emerged with the Chaldeans, another Semitic tribe, when it was re-founded by its king Nabopolassar, at the end of the 7th century.
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the Persian king Cyrus, the new king of Asia, occupied Babylon and established his power throughout Mesopotamia.
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