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Oct 10, 732
Battle of Tours
In the Battle of Tours, Charles Martel fought against the Muslim army. When the Muslim army conquered Spain, they wanted to spread Islam all throughout Europe. Charles Martel lead the Franks agains the Muslim army and defeated them in the Battle of Tours. As a result, Europe kept the Christian religion. -
Oct 14, 1066
Battle of Hastings
In the Battle of Hastings, the two most important people were William the Conquerer and Harold Godwinson. William the Conquerer and Harold Godwinson were the enemies who were fighting for the throne of England. In the end, William won the battle. The battle did not only bring a new king, but it did other things to change life as well. As a result of this battle Feudalism was brought to England. It also brought Europe's customs to England. -
Period: Jan 1, 1096 to Dec 31, 1204
Crusades
The Crusades were wars that were fought to regain the Holy Land. The pope, Urban II, influenced the people going on the crusade. Different kinds of people had different purposes for going on the Crusades. The Crusades also had many aftereffects as well. For example, Constantinople was ravaged because of the Crusades. Also, Europe was beniffited by the expanded trade, but unfortunely, many Jews and Muslims were killed in the wars. The Crusades also encouraged the church to spread Christianity. -
Sep 23, 1122
Concordat of Worms
The Concordat of Worms was an agreement between the pope and German king. The agreement said that only popes could appoint bishops, but only the king could give them jobs in the government.This agreement was signed in the city of Worms, hence part of the name. Also, a concordat is an agreement between a pope and a ruler. -
Period: Jan 1, 1154 to Dec 31, 1189
English Common Law
The English Common Law was the laws that King Henry II set up. King Henry II utilized the law courts to increase his power. He also set up juries and courts. The two juries were the Trial Juries and the Grand Jury. Henry established a common law that was the same throughout the whole kingdom. The king got more power from this and there was less chaos. -
Period: Dec 5, 1184 to Aug 25, 1250
Inquisition
The Inquisition was a court used to try people for heresy. In 1233 the pope of that time created the Inquisition. The people brought before the Inquisition were urged to confess heresy, or religious beliefs that conflicted with the Church's teaching. If they confessed, the Church punished them but also allowed them to return to the Chrurch. People who would not admit heresy would be tortured until they admitted. If they still didn't admit heresy, they could be executed. -
Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was an agreement that the nobles and others forced King John to sign. The Magna Carta itself was created by the nobles. The Magna Carta took away some of the king's rights, but gave the people more rights. For example, King John could not force marriages and had to have a jury to try people. The Magna helped establish the idea that people have rights and that the government should have limited power. -
Nov 13, 1295
Parliament
King Edward I first made the parliament. It was a meating of people from different parts of England. It consisted of two houses, the House of Lords and House of Commons. The House of Lords had nobles and church officials while the House of Commons had knights and townspeople. The Parliament was the first attempt at a representative government. -
Period: Jan 1, 1346 to Dec 31, 1353
Black Plague
The Black Plague spread throughout places in Asia, such India, China, Arabia, and Europe. Although the Black Plague hit many places and killed many more, it helped with the invention of some things such as the printing press. It also changed the economy and the feudal system. Also, the Black Plague killed 38 million Europeans, changing the population greatly. -
Period: Jan 1, 1346 to Dec 31, 1453
Hundred Years' War
In the Hundred Years' War, Edward III fought against Henry V. They fought about who would be king of France. This war lasted for about a hundred years, hence the name. In this war, England gained control of northern France. At the end, the argument of who controlled France was settled. -
Period: Mar 4, 1478 to Aug 12, 1501
Spanish Inquisition
Isabella of Castile and her husband, Ferdinand of Aragon, wanted all of Spain to be catholic, so they started pressuring Jews into conversion. Many Jews converted to escape prosectution, but the Spanish Inquisitions was still made. The Spanish Inquisitions tried and tortured many people who were charged with heresy. In 1492, Isabella and Ferndinand forced Jews to either convert or leave Spain. Granada was conquered and ten years after the Muslims were forced to convert or leave.
