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Arab forces conquer most of the Byzantine territories, formerly occupied by the Persians.
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The Arabs attempt to conquer Constantinople but fail.
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Benedictine missionaries complete the conversion of England begun by St. Gregory the Great.
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The Arabs attempt to conquer Constantinople for the second time. Byzantine Emperor Leo the Isaurian, who reigns until 741 CE, counters the Arab attempt with "Greek Fire" (a liquid mixture of sulfur, naphtha and quicklime which is released from bronze tubes, situated on ships and on the walls of Constantinople) and great military strength. Leo defeats the Arab forces and reconquers most of Asia Minor. The territory of Asia Minor, together with Greece, becomes the seat of Byzantine civilization fo
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Olav I dies; Norway is ruled by the Danes.
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Olav II regains Norway from the Danes.
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To help win a major battle, Osman leads his troops and displaces the Seljuk Turks. He becomes the leader of the new Ottoman dynasty.
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Osman and his troops lay siege to the city of Bursa in northwest Turkey. When the city falls, Bursa is made into the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Osman dies in1326
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The Black Death started in the middle east.
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The Black Death spread into Messina, Sicily came because of the trade ships from the Middle east.
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The black death is now in Paris.
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The Black Death is gone.
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The Black Death starts again for a little bit.
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Bayezid extends the empire from the Danube River in Bulgaria to the Euphrates River in the east. Mongolian raiders crush his troops in Turkey in 1402 and take him prisoner. Bayezid dies within the year, and the Ottoman Empire is split among his sons.
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Bayezid's sons fight for control. In 1413 Mehmed wins and reunites the empire. He dies in 1421.
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Mehmed II lays siege to the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 1453. He uses siege guns and bombards the walls for eight weeks. Heavy fighting continues, but the Byzantine capital is defeated when Emperor Constantine XI dies in battle. The city is now called Istanbul.
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Portuguese sailors became the first Europeans to reach Japan.
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The Tokugawa family of Shoguns took control of the government.
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The government forced all European traders except the Dutch to leave Japan.
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Commodore Matthew C. Perry of the United States visited Japan and opened two ports to U.S. trade.
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Emperor Mutsuhito regained his power from the Shogun.
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Pepin of Heristal, a Merovingian ruler, unites the Frankish territories and builds the center of his kingdom in Belgium and other Rhine regions. He is succeeded by his son, Charles Martel, who forms an alliance with the Church which helps the Merovingian Dynasty (and Christianity) to expand into Germany. Pepin the Short succeeds his father, Charles Martel, and strengthens the alliance between Benedictine missionaries and Frankish expansion.
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Vikings first attacked England, which started a 200 year regime of terror for England and Europe.
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Olav I conquers Norway and proclaims it a Christian kingdom.
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Harald I gains control of Norway.
