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313
Roman Catholic Church
*The largest Christian Church.
*Consists of 23 particular churches.
*Teaches a doctrine of faith or morals. -
570
Prophet Muhammad
*Born in Mecca
*Given revelations from God more specificly amgel Gabriel.
*He believed that the final revelations of Allah were given to him
*He formed the first community of practicing Muslims -
573
Abu Bakr
- A wealthy merchant *He was the Prophet of Muhammad's father in law *Named Caliph when Prophet Muhammad died *As Caliph, Islamic movement began to grow
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Jan 1, 610
Byzantine Empire
*It is the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
*Spread Greek, Roman, and Christianity to parts of the world.
*Fell to the Ottomans -
Jan 1, 622
Hijrah
*Muhammad was discouraged by the fact that Makkans did not accept his message
*Prophet Muhammad and some of his closest followers left Makkah and moved to a place called Yathrib, which was later named Madinah -
Jan 1, 636
Damascus
- Conquered by Muslim armies in 636
- The Great Mosque was created there in 716
- Capitol of Syria
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Jan 1, 661
Umayyads
*Mu'awiyah governer of Syria became caliph.
*He moved the capitol of Arab Empire from Madinah to Damascus in Syria.
*In 732 Arab Forces were defeated at the Battle of Tours in Gaul, France stoping Arab expansion in Europe. -
Jan 1, 750
Abbasid
*Abu al-Abbas overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and set up the Abbasid dynasty
*In 762 they built a new capital city at Baghdad on the Tigris River
*Harun al-Rashid was known for his charity and also had the support of artists and writers
*Lasted until 1258 -
Jan 1, 762
Baghdad
- The Abbasid caliph al- Mansur founded Baghdad in 762 as the new capital of the Islamic Empire
- Mongols took over in 1258
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Jan 1, 771
Charlemagne
*Determined to strengthen and bring order to Europe
*In 800 he was the ruler of Western Europe
*Since he established a central government over Western Europe he was able to regain parts of the old Roman Empire -
Jan 1, 1042
Pope Urban II
- He was one of the most important and active supporters of the Gregorian reforms
- Among the few who Gregory VII nominated as a good successor for Pope
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Jan 1, 1060
Seljuk Turks
*An army group under the Fatimid.
*Nomadic people who were from Central Asia.
*Gained control of the eastern provinces of the Abbasid Empire. -
Jan 1, 1066
William of Normandy
*He invaded England and killed King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and defeated the English
*After his later successes he bacame crowned King of London on Christmas day 1066 -
Jan 1, 1066
Battle of Hastings
- The battle was between the Norman-French army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army under King Harold II. *The English army consisted of part-time English soldiers drawn from the landowning minor nobility. *The Norman army consisted of nobles, mercenaries, and troops from Normandy, Flanders, Brittany, and France.
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Jan 1, 1095
Crusades
*They took over Jerusalum.
*Lost to the Turks trying to take back the city of Odessa.
*Had a truce with the Muslims after many battles. -
Jan 1, 1199
King John
- Led England into loosing wars. *Increased taxes. *Arrested opponents at will. *Lost all of his land in Northern France
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Jan 1, 1206
The Mongols in the Middle East
*Nomadic civilization
*Mongol rulers converted to Islam
*Led by Genghis Khan, Mongol armies spread across Central Asia
*By the fourteenth centrury the Mongol Empire had split into seperate kingdoms, and it was the old Islamic Empire established by the Arabs -
Jan 1, 1215
Magna Carta
- Allowed King John to still be King and have power but he could not lead the army *It limits the Kings powers but protects their privileges
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Jan 1, 1348
The Black Death
*Also known as the Bubonic plague.
*The disease hit England sevens times by the end of the century.
*Caused by fleas that were on rats.
*Fleas bit the people in towns/cities of England
*Death was quick for the weak victums. -
Jan 1, 1478
Spanish Inquisition
*Queen Isabella and the Church added the inquisition to increase their power by eliminate heretics in Spain.
*Tortured is you were suspected of heresy.
*Many people were killed and also many people left the country to get away. -
Emperor Justinian
*He revised all Roman Law
*Helped restore the Roman Empire
*Put together very powerful armies -
Golden Age of Islamic Society
*The advancements in science, technology, and literature
*Muslim scholars also had involvement in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and chemistry -
Clovis
*United all Frankish tribes, and conquered Romans and Germans in Northern Gaul -
Feudalism
- After Charlemagne died he Carolingian Empire began to fall apart
- All the people that were ranked higher such as the Pope, Kings, and Nobles had more power than the lower classes like servants, peasants, and serfs
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Cairo
- The mosque of al- Azhar grew to be the world's most important center of Islamic learning.
- Founded as capital of Egypt in 969 and has been ever since
- Place that trade occurred
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Holy Roman Empire
- The heart of the Holy Roman Empire was Germany
- It began to split into a mass of princes and states who had done what they could to extend their independence and power at the expense of the emperor
