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Science and reason began to replace people's beliefs in spirtiual or superstitious causes for illnesses.
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The Black Death held a massive mortality rate of between 30 and 40%. Victims had no idea what had caused the disease. And neither did the doctors in the Middle Ages. The Black Death was treated by lancing the buboes and applying a warm poultice of butter, onion and garlic.
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The Bubonic Plague devastated Europe's population during the dark ages.
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Medieval doctors had no idea what caused the terrible illnesses and diseases which plagued the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was devastated by the Black Death in England (1348-1350) which killed nearly one third of the population of England. The Middle Ages doctors were helpless. The underlying cause of many of the illnesses was due to the lack of sanitation. but Middle Ages doctors did not make this link until after the outbreak of the Black Death.
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The Health of the Medieval people of the Middle Ages was threatened by the poor hygiene of the period and the lack of basic medical knowledge. The Middle Ages was devastated by the Black Death in England (1348-1350) which killed nearly one third of the population of England.
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Hummanism was created and religion was the beginning to lose its foothold on society.
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Middle Ages hygiene was extremely basic in terms of the disposal of waste products and garbage. However, personal hygiene was better than the perception of Middle Ages Hygiene. People did wash, bath and clean their teeth.
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In 1543 Andreas Vesalius (1514-64), a professor at the University of Padua, published an exquisitely illustrated anatomy text. With knowledge based on extensive dissection of human cadavers, he presented the first largely accurate description of the human body.
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Vesalius was a Flemish-born anatomist whose dissections of the human body helped to correct the misconceptions made in Ancient Times, particularly by Galen, who (for religious reasons) had been able only to study animals such as dogs and monkeys
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Paré was a French surgeon, anatomist and inventor of surgical instruments. He was a military surgeon during the French campaigns in Italy of 1533–36. It was here that, having run out of boiling oil, which was the accepted way of treating firearm wounds, Paré turned to an ancient Roman remedy: turpentine, egg yolk and oil of roses. He applied it to the wounds and found that it relieved pain and sealed the wound effectively. Paré also introduced the ligatures of arteries; silk threads would be use
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William Harvey was an English medical doctor-physicist, known for his contributions in heart and blood movement.
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Edward Jenner, and english doctor discovered that milkmaids exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox.
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Edward Jenner also began inoculating people with the fluid from cowpox blisters, thus beginning the practice of vaccination.
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With increasing industrialisation there was a string of Parliamentary Acts in the mid 1800s designed to do something about the polluting effects of industrial and domestic smoke.
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Louis Pasteur carried out experiments that became the basis for modern microbiology.
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Joseph Lister was riduculed for insisting on the use of carbolic soap to disinfect instruments and clean hands before doctors moved to another patient.
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The growth of the major industrial cities also caused water pollution. All too often, rivers that pass through urban areas became a receptacle for human waste products, both domestic and industrial.
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The Boer War actually consisted of two separate wars fought between Dutch settlers and the British Empire in what is now South Africa. The first war lasted from 1880 until 1881, and the second took place between 1899 and 1902.
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It is said that the Spanish Flu killed more in twenty-five weeks than AIDS has in twenty-five years—and more in a single year than the Bubonic Plague killed in a century.
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In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, outraging Western nations. In response, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933. In 1937, Japan went on to attack China, and than French Indochina in 1940. This led to the United States imposing an oil embargo on the Empire.
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Medicine was heavily professionalized in the 20th century, and new careers opened to women as nurses (from the 1870s) and as physicians (especially after 1970). The 21st century is characterized by highly advanced research involving numerous fields of science.
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A fertilizer production plant in Norway had been producing heavy water since 1934, at the rate of twelve tons per year. Recognizing that German scientists were trying to create a nuclear weapon, Allied special forces alerted Norwegian resistance groups in 1940, encouraging them to destroy the facilities.
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A Persian doctor named Rhazes dicovered the difference between smallpox and measles.
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Treaty of Verdun
