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The earliest writing system was developed in ancient Mesopotamia around 3100 BCE. It was called cuneiform, which means ''wedge-shaped. '' This name refers to the wedge-like shapes of the symbols, which were produced using a reed stylus pressed against wet clay.
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In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more.
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In the late 18th century France was on the brink of bankruptcy due to its involvement in the American Revolution and King Louis XVI's extravagant spending. This led to a people's revolt against the inequalities of French society, the corruption of royal officials, and despair owing to widespread economic hardship.
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