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British Raj (From the Hindi 'to Rule' or 'Kingdom')
(No start date) British Crown rule was established in India. Two-fifths of the sub-continent continued to be independently governed by several principalities, some of whose rulers had fought the British during the 'Great Rebellion', but with whom the Raj now entered into treaties of mutual cooperation. -
Indian National Congress Creation
It was an organisation which, despite the tremendous diversity of the sub-continent, was remarkable in achieving broad consensus over the decades. Yet it was often dominated by factionalism and opposing political strategies. Gandhi was part of the Congress in his time. -
The creation of Pakistan
After India’s independence from Great Britain, the land was divided in two, a Hindu India and the newly created Muslim state of Pakistan. Since partition, the territory of Jammu and Kashmir has remained in dispute, with Pakistan and India both holding sectors. -
India and Pakistan gain independence from Great Britain
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First Kashmir war between India and Pakistan
They went to war after Pakistan supported a Muslim insurgency in Kashmir. India agreed to a request for armed assistance from Kashmir's Maharaja, in return, the land would be annexed to India. The war ended with the establishment of a ceasefire line. The status of the territory remained in dispute because a referendum to confirm the accession was never held. -
Indo-Pak war of 1965
Pakistan launches an attack across the ceasefireline into Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. India retaliated by crossing the international border at Lahore. After three weeks, both India and Pakistan agreed to a unsponsored ceasefire. -
Bangladesh liberation war
East Pakistan demanded autonomy and later independence from West Pakistan. India invaded East Pakistan in support of its people after civilians seeked refuge in India. In december 1971, Bangladesh was created out of East Pakistan. -
Pakistan intensifies air raids on India
Border battles between India and Pakistan have erupted into full-scale war. -
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Kashmir Insurgency
(No precise start date) Kashmir, in 1989, rose in resistance to Indian rule with some groups calling for independence and others calling for union with Pakistan. India accused Pakistan of supplying weapons to the militants. The war goes on up until present day. (No end day in sight. -
Kargil conflict
Conflict again erupted after India launched air strikes against Pakistani-backed forces that had infiltrated Indian-administered Kashmir. Later that year, General Musharraf led a military coup in Pakistan. -
Tension
Tension continued. In October 38 people were killed after an attack on the Kashmiri assembly in Srinagar. A month later, 14 people were killed in an attack in Delhi. India blamed Pakistani-backed Kashmiri militants.
