-
Bismarck completes efforts to unify Prussia and the German kingdoms into a single nation and has King Wilhelm I proclaimed Kaiser.
-
France forced to sign humiliating treaty with Germany that ends the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War.
-
After his father's untimely death, 29 year-old Wilhelm II becomes ruler, Kaiser Wilhelm II, of Germany.
-
Nicolas is crowned Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, a position he did not want. Germany and Russia do not renew a friendship treaty and begin their adversary relationship.
-
Great Britain's Queen Victoria, whose bloodline runs through most of the ruling houses of Europe, dies.
-
Russo-Japanese War results in disastrous defeat for Russia and major civil unrest at home
-
"Bloody Sunday Massacre" by Tsarist troops in St. Petersburg left Russian workers dead and cost Nicholas support among the workers and farmers.
-
British launch first "dreadnought" class battleship.