-
Period: 100 to 200
Indus Valley - Economic
Trade routes were set up between Mediterranean and South India. Trade helped India prosper. -
Period: 100 to 500
Rome - Interactions
The Romans were controlling the majority of the Mediterranean Sea. This helped make trade easier for Rome. -
133
Rome - Social
Tiberius noticed poverty for the first time. After seeing this, he became interested in how social classes worked and he entered into politics. -
223
China - Interactions
China had started building the Great Wall of China. This was to protect them during war and from invasions. -
225
Greece - Interactions
The Colossus of Rhodes, which was a statue made during the Hellenistic period, stood more than 100 feet tall. It was destroyed in 225 B.C. by an earthquake. -
265
Rome - Poloitical
Romans defeated the Etruscans and Greeks in southern Italy. As a result, Rome became more powerful. -
300
Rome - Culture
Christianity through Rome hastened by the conversion of the emperor Constantine to the religion. This was important because this caused the religion to spread rapidly through Rome because he made it legal to practice it. -
300
Greece - Economic
The Romans defeated Carthage. After doing so, they destroyed the city and took the people as their slaves. -
Period: 371 to Dec 5, 600
Greece - Social
Spartans had the strongest army. All lives had to be devoted to protecting Sparta, including girls’. -
500
Indus Valley - Culture
Different religions were starting to be discovered. One of the biggest ones was Jainism, which was the most major early religion in the Indus Valley. -
Dec 5, 616
Rome - Culture
Gladiator games and chariot races became popular under the control of the Etruscans. -
Dec 5, 616
Rome - Culture
The Etruscans took control of Rome in 616 B.C. They influenced art, specifically sculpting and painting. -
Dec 5, 616
Rome - Interactions
The Etruscans took control of Rome and built city walls. This provided Rome with protection. -
Dec 5, 616
Rome - Political
The Etruscans took control of Rome. They had many influences on Roman culture in the way that they tried to adopt into Greek culture. -
Dec 5, 621
Greece - Social
Draco developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law. This made it easier for citizens to follow a set of laws -
Period: Dec 5, 700 to Dec 5, 750
Greece - Culture
The writer of the Iliad and the Odyssey, Homer, helped bring back writing to Greece. He helped do this by writing epics. -
Dec 5, 725
Greece - Economic
Sparta had conquered Messenia and took over their land. The Messenians were forced to work on this land, where once a year, the Spartans would come in and take half of the crops. -
Period: Dec 5, 750 to Dec 5, 1150
Greece - Culture
There are no written records of Greece. This was believed to have happened because when the Dorians took over, they did not practice writing so no written records could have been kept. -
Dec 5, 753
Rome - Economic
The city was very prosperous. The reason for this was because Rome was very closely located to trade routes and the sea. -
Dec 5, 771
China - Political
The Zhou capital was attacked and the Zhou monarch was murdered. This caused the Zhou dynasty to die and was the beginning of the warring states. -
Dec 5, 1000
China - Social
The family structure was very much like the Chinese society was set up. The eldest man was in control of the family and what they did. -
Dec 5, 1000
China - Economic
The Shang dynasty needed protection, so they build large walls around their city. It is said to have taken more than 12 years to build. -
Period: Dec 5, 1000 to Dec 5, 1500
Indus VAlley - Culture
Hymns were beginning to be produced. These are believed to be the earliest recorded hymns in history. -
Dec 5, 1027
China - Political
Feudalism was invented. This happened when control over land was trusted with members of the family and trusted lords. This land was legally owned by the king. -
Dec 5, 1027
China - Political
The Zhou dynasty overthrew the Shang dynasty. This brought new ideas to the Chinese people. -
Dec 5, 1027
China - Economic
The Zhou dynasty also invented the blasting furnace. This produced cast iron, which was beneficial for trade. -
Dec 5, 1027
Greece - Economic
The building of roads and canals began. This was during the reign of the Zhou dynasty. -
Period: Dec 5, 1100 to
Greece - Political
Strong rulers controlled Tiryns and Athens. These kings had dominated Greece from 1600 B.C. to 1100 B. C. -
Dec 5, 1200
Greece - Economic
After the Dorians took control from the Mycenaeans, trade decreased. This was because the Dorians were not advanced in trading. -
Dec 5, 1200
Greece - Political
Mycenaeans fought a ten year war with Troy. This famous war became known as the Trojan War. -
Dec 5, 1200
Greece - Political
Sea raiders attacked Mycenaean cities. After these sea raiders burned the cities down, the Dorians moved onto that land. -
Dec 5, 1500
Greece - Culture
The Minoans influenced the Mycenaeans to adopt the Greek traditions. The Mycenaeans started to practice Greek religion, art, and politics. -
Period: to
Egypt- Interactions
Much of lower Egypt was very swampy. These swamps were eventually drained to make thousands of acres of new farmland. -
Period: to
Egypt - Economic
Pharaohs regained control of the Middle Kingdom. To improve trade, they dug a canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. -
Period: to
Mesopotamia - Social
Hammurabi ruled the babylonian empire. He was most remembered by the 282 codes he came up with that deal with community, families, business, and crime. -
Mesopotamia - Social
Nomadic warriors, called Amorites invaded Mesopotamia. The Sumerians were overwhelmed and the Amorites established Babylon. -
Mesopotamia - Social
Sumerian society started to develop social classes. Kings, landholders, and priests are the top class, wealthy merchants in the middle class, and farmers and field workers in the lowest class. -
Mesopotamia - Economic
The irrigation system was made and the Sumerians had to learn new cooperation and teamwork skills. -
Egypt - Social
Women had some of the same rights as men. They were able to own land and did not have to get permission to buy or sell it. -
Egypt - Social
The ultimate highest classis the pharaohs. They were considered gods in Egypt. The Egyptians believed them to be all powerful. -
Egypt - Political
Egyptians developed a new form of government, theocracy. This was the form of government in which religious leaders were in charge. -
Indus Valley - Social
Because of the mountain ranges, the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalayas, the Indian subcontinent is secluded from the rest of the Asian continent. -
China - Social
Settlements were starting to grow in China. More and more people came and the population rew. -
China - Social
The social classes were very defined. The highest classes would live in framed houses with clay and straw, while the lowest class lived in huts outside of the city. -
China - Culture
Engineers in China started to invent flood control irrigation plans. This helped the Chinese settlements grow and stay longer. -
China - Culture
Chinese culture was very centered around the gods. The kings communicated to the gods through the use of oracle bones, animal bones, and tortoise shells. -
China - Culture
The earliest evidence of Chinese writing was found on oracle bones. This language was very hard to decipher, as well as difficult to learn. -
China - Interactions
The Huang He’s floods were very disastrous. They sometimes destroyed whole villages. -
China - Interactions
Settlers usually had to provide their own resources because trading was very limited. This was because of China’s location, which is very isolated. -
Period: to
Egypt - Social
The king, queen, and royal family stood at the top of the classes of people. Next was the other members of the upper class, including wealthy landowners, government officials, priests, and army commanders. The middle class came next, which included merchants and artisans. At the bottom of the classes of people came the lower class, which included peasants and farmers. -
Period: to
Egypt - Culture
Early Egyptians were polytheistic, meaning they believed in multiple gods. There were temples built to worship and praise these 2,000 or more gods. -
Period: to
Egypt - Culture
Mummification was a huge part of the Egyptian culture. The bodies of the royals were preserved for thousands of years using this method. -
Rome - Economic
Farmers started to replace slaves in farming. This allowed farmers to live on the property if he could pay the owner with the crops he grew. -
Rome - Interactions
Carthaginian Hannibal led a well trained army. Used elephants to cross the Pyrenees and Alps. This was a quick transportation and the elephants made it easier to cross those barriers. -
Rome - Political
Rome grew tired of having a tyrant as the head government official. They revolted and threw him out, resulting in the beginning of the republic. -
Rome - Social
When the republic had first started to, the patricians made sure that someone from their social class was elected the government official. This was to make sure that they had control over all decisions made. -
Greece - Social
Solon came into power in 549 B.C. He was a very democratic leader who organized the people into four social classes based on wealth. He also outlawed debt slavery and said that no person should own another person. -
Rome - Social
The Romans defeated Carthage. After doing so, they destroyed the city and took the people as their slaves. -
Period: to 563
Indus Valley - Culture
Buddha was alive and became one of the most powerful, religious figures. He created one of the most popular religions. -
Period: to
Rome - Economic
Pax Romana occurred. This was a time where there was a stable government and a very widespread trade. This was Rome’s most prosperous time. -
Egypt - Political
The end of the Old Kingdom happened. One of the main reasons was because of the decline in power of the pharaohs. -
Period: to
Egypt - Political
This was the period of the Old Kingdom. This was a major time when Egypt had a big influence on how other civilizations settled and ran their city. -
Mesopotamia - Culture
The first map, using cuneiform writing, was made. It was printed on a clay tablet. -
Mesopotamia - Culture
The conqueror, Sargon, defeated the city-states of Sumer. Sargon also led his army from the city-state of Akkad. Due to the fact that Akkadians had long before adopted the Sumerian culture, the conquering of Sargon, helped spread that culture even further. -
Mesopotamia - Culture
Cultural diffusion started by the Sumerians with the exchange of products and ideas. This helped rapidly spread culture throughout people. -
Indus Valley - Interactions
The Indus and Ganges rivers carry silt in the water. This not only helps with irrigation, but it helps create good agriculture. -
Mesopotamia - Interactions
New cities were arising all over the Fertile Crescent. This area in now Syria, Turkey, and part of Iraq. -
Mesopotamia - Political
Many city-states were ruled by dynasties. It went on for a long time because the same families would stay in power. -
Mesopotamia - Economic
There was a surplus of food from the farms. This allowed for them to increase their trade to new places. -
Mesopotamia - Culture
Some people, who were Sumerian, were now slaves. Trade slave was a big business in Mesopotamia. -
Indus Valley - Social
Harappa was built. Harappa was a citadel that protected the royal family, as well as serving as a temple. -
Indus Valley - Social
The people of the Indus Valley came up with a language. This language has not yet been translated. -
Indus Valley - Political
While Egyptians were building pyramids, the people in the Indus Valley were laying bricks for the first cities. They built strong levees and earthen walls to keep water out. -
Indus Valley - Interactions
The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River. -
Indus Valley - Interactions
Farming is best when it is done by the Indus River. The indus River and Ganges Rivers are one of the most vital parts of the Indus Valley. -
Indus Valley - Economic
One of the most remarkable achievements the people of the Indus Valley had, was their sophisticated city planning. They laid out their cities on a precise grid system. -
Indus Valley - Economic
The greatest achievement of the Indus Valley was their irrigation system. The systems these people came up with, was very efficient and were the greatest before the 19th century. -
Indus Valley - Political
The cities’ planning and construction was very consistent and in a uniform matter. This suggests that the Indus Valley had a strong central government. -
Egypt - Economic
Giza, which is the largest of the three pyramids built, was built to house the bodies of the highest powers. They were completed in 2556 B.C. and were man made. -
Period: to
Egypt - Interactions
The first step pyramids were being built. This was all under the reign of Zoser. -
Egypt - Economic
Not only was the Nile used a form of transportation, but it also provided water obviously. This was the biggest reason why Egyptians settled where they did. -
Egypt - Interactions
The Nile River played a major key role for Egypt. It provided transportation from lower Egypt to upper Egypt. -
Mesopotamia - Interactions
The Sumerians had many cities that were all very efficient in producing crops, mostly wheat and barley. They were so prosperous because of the fertile soil. -
Mesopotamia - Political
Sumerians had many different cultures and government policies. This caused them to act as if they were their own country rather than part of a city-state. -
Mesopotamia - Political
Wars became more frequent for the Sumerians. The Sumerians were not, at first, happy with the military being present, but later they eventually gave them support. -
Greece - Interactions
Climate had a major effect on Greek civilization. The moderate temperatures allowed the Greeks to live an outdoor life, which they were very fond of. -
Greece - Interactions
The Minoans started to settle in Greece. They were a big influence on the growing population of Greece. -
Mesopotamia - Interactions
More and more Sumerians started showing up, mostly because of how fertile the soil was. However, some disadvantages of this land was few resources and flooding. -
Egypt - Cultre
Farming villages were Egypt’s settlements . Each village had its own different religion and/or culture. -
Indus Valley - Political
Archeologists have found evidence of highlands and domesticated sheep dating all the way back to 7000 B.C. They also found evidence people were farming in villages along the Indus River.