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The printing press is a device that allows for the mass production of uniform printed matter, mainly text in the form of books, pamphlets and newspapers. Created in China, the printing press revolutionized society there before being further developed in Europe in the 15th Century by Johannes Gutenberg and his invention of the Gutenberg press.Goldsmith and inventor Johannes Gutenberg by 1450 had a printing machine perfected and ready to use commercially: The Gutenberg press.
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian artist, architect, engineer, and scientist of the Renaissance. He is famous for his ability to capture nature, scientific phenomena and human emotions in any material. His most appreciated works are the portrait of Mona Lisa and the wall painting The Last Supper.Leonardo is considered one of the great geniuses of history for his way of acquiring knowledge in everything from anatomy to mechanics.
https://www.monumentosderoma.es/museo-leonardo-da-vinci/ -
The infamous date of the Fall of Constantinople is May 29, 1453 after the siege that began on April 6.
This siege was led by Mehmet II from the Ottoman Empire. After the siege, the Byzantine Empire fell away to the Ottoman Empire. It was a turning point for Western history and the end to the Middle Ages and the start of the Renaissance. I this website you can read everything about this fatal event:
https://www.heritagedaily.com/2021/12/the-fall-of-constantinople/142293 -
Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile married on 1469,which led to the unification of Spain, of which they were the first monarchs.They are worldwide recognised for their achievements during their reing like the discovery of America,the Spanish Inquisition,and more.
The title of Católicos was afterward transmitted to the successors of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Anice website to know more:
https://www.andalucia.com/history/catholic-monarchs -
Sculptor, painter, architect and poet, Michelangelo spent his life between Florence and Rome. He was closely linked to the Medici family, who were his most important patrons, and was commissioned to sculpt four tombs for them,his most famous pictorial work is the one made in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican Know the significate behind some os his works of art: City.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9Kum_Jijdk&pp=ygUVdGVkIGVkIG1pY2FoZWwgYW5nZWxv He died in Rome on February 18, 1564. -
Juana of Castile, known as Juana la Loca or Joanna the Mad, was the elder sister of Catherine of Aragon and sister-in-law to Henry VIII of England. Juana married Philip the Handsome in 1496, when she was 16. She went on to have six children with her husband, including Charles, who later became the Holy Roman Emperor. Juana was an intelligent young woman and, like her sisters, received a considerable education for the time-period -
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who asked help to the Ctholic kings for "soponsoring" his trip to Asia.They accepted and sended Christopher with his three boats.The three boats of Christopher Columbus were called the Pinta, the Niña and the Santa Maria.
He ended up arriving on the 12 of October of 1492 on America but he didn´t knew that until some time later, he initially though he arrived on Asia.
A website for more:
https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus -
On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created. The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “New World” of the Americas between the two superpowers.Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean.
Short but interesting video:
https://www.youtube.com/watchv=OKyzxCNgX6Y&pp=ygUYdG9yZGVzaWxsYSB0cmVhdHkgdGVkIGVk -
John Calvin (1509-1564) was a French Reformer, pastor, and theologian considered among the greatest of the Protestant Reformation along with Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli. Calvin synthesized the differing views of Protestant sects with his own in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, regarded as one of the most important works of Protestant theology.Calvin is recognized as one of the most influential reformers. -
On October 31, 1517, a German priest and theologian named Martin Luther nailed to the door of Wittenberg’s All Saints’ Church his own theses, 95 of them, which collectively made an argument against the Roman Catholic Church’s practice of selling indulgences, or pardons for sins. Luther could not accept that the poor should “spend all their money buying their way out of punishment so they can go to heaven”. More information about them:
https://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html -
Son of Juana la Loca and Felipe el Hermoso and grandson of the Catholic Monarchs and Emperor Maximilian I of Austria. The death of his father in 1506 and the absence of his mother, Juana, left the then prince, along with his sisters Leonor, Isabel and María.Charles V was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII in the Basilica of San Petronio in Bologna on February 24, 1530. He was the last Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned by a Pope -
n 1534, Henry VIII declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England,come to be known as the first Act of Supremacy,which was followed by a decree on 15 January 1535,Henry announced that he was “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England” This event itself marked the beginning of the English Reformation and was followed soon after by the Dissolution of the Monasteries,between 1536 and 1541.
More info about it:
https://englishhistory.net/tudor/act-of-supremacy/ -
The nineteenth ecumenical council opened at Trent on 13 December, 1545, and closed there on 4 December, 1563. Its main object was the definitive determination of the doctrines of the Church in answer to the heresies of the Protestants; a further object was the execution of a thorough reform of the inner life of the Church by removing the numerous abuses that had developed in it. Interesting and easy video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHDAZRPydRY&pp=ygUXY291bmNpbCBvZiB0cmVudCB0ZWQgZWQ%3D -
Philip II was King of Spain, Castile, Aragon and Navarra, and many more.Philip II of Spain was born in the Pimentel Palace in Valladolid on May 21, 1527; He died in the Monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial on September 13, 1598 at the age of 71.Son of Carlos I of Spain.
On January 16, 1556, Carlos I, in his private rooms and without any ceremony, ceded the Crown of the Hispanic Kingdoms to Felipe.
An interesting website:
https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib/historia/monarquia/felipe2.shtml -
He was the last surviving son of Felipe II and his fourth wife Ana of Austria. In 1582 he was appointed heir to the throne, which he occupied on September 13, 1598. Shy in character, he received his education from aristocrats and ecclesiastics, who forged an extremely religious character. -
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, known as Diego Velázquez, was a Spanish Baroque painter considered one of the greatest exponents of Spanish painting and a master of universal painting. At the age of 24, he moved to Madrid, where he was appointed King Philip IV's painter and four years later he was promoted to chamber painter, the most important position among court painters. A must watch if you´re interested:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=loMy3sbW64g&pp=ygUQdGVkIGVkIHZlbGF6cXVleg%3D%3D -
Carlos II was born on November 6, 1661, five days after the death of his brother Felipe Próspero, which the sovereign considered a lucky omen for the continuity of his lineage. But the little one was already showing precarious health. Carlos II was proclaimed king in 1665, at the age of three.He died in November 1 of 1700 without a heir. -
1701–1714
It was triggered by the death of the childless Habsburg King Charles II of Spain. In his will Charles gave the crown to Philip, Duke of Anjou, grandson of King Louis XIV of France. When Louis proclaimed Philip King of Spain and announced that France and Spain would be united, it provoked a backlash from England, Holland, Prussia and Austria.In 1711, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I of Austria was succeeded by Archduke Charles after winning the war with the Treaty of Ultrech. -
The French Revolution took place between 1789 and 1799, leading to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.In the late 18th century France was on the brink of bankruptcy due to its involvement in the American Revolution and King Louis XVI’s extravagant spending. This led to a people’s revolt against the inequalities of French society, the corruption of royal officials, and despair owing to widespread economic hardship. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBn7iWzrKoI&pp=ygUYdGVkIGVkIGZyZW5jaCByZXZvbHV0aW9u