Jesus to AD 500 By mteod 33 The Resurrection of Jesus Christ 33 Pentecost 33 The Apostles spread the Gospel 33 St. Stephen martyred 34 The Conversion of St. Paul 42 St. John the Apostle travels to Ephesus with the Blessed Virgin Mary John 19:25-27 tells of how, from the cross, Jesus charged St. John with the care of His mother. 44 St. James the Apostle is martyred; his body is secretly buried in Spain. 46 St. Paul begins missionary journeys to Galatia, Greece, Syria, and other places 49 Council of Jerusalem 64 Persecution of Christians begins under Roman emperor Nero 70 Romans burn the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem. 80 Didache written 99 All the writings that will become part of the New Testament have been written by this date. 250 Persecution under Roman emperor Decius 251 Council of Carthage 303 Persecution under Roman emperor Diocletian 313 Emperor Constantine issues the Edict of Milan 325 Council of Nicaea 330 Emperor Constantine divides the Roman Empire into East and West. 330 Construction of the First St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. 354 Birth of St. Augustine 360 Books begin to replace scrolls 382 Pope Damasus asks St. Jerome to translate the Gospels into Latin. 397 The Councils of Hippo and Carthage determine which books will become part of the New Testament. 405 St. Jerome completes his translation of the Old Testament. 410 The Visigoths destroy the city of Rome 410 St. Augustine begins writing "The City of God" 431 Council of Ephesus 432 St. Patrick sets out to spread the Gospel in Ireland. 451 Council of Chalcedon 476 The Western Roman Empire collapses. 480 Birth of St. Benedict 496 Clovis, the King of the Franks, converts to Catholicism. Period: 500 to 1000 AD 500-1000 507 Clovis's army drives Visigoths out of France 527 Justinian I becomes emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire 529 St. Benedict founds the first monastery 529 St. Benedict founds his first monastery 537 Construction of Hagia Sophia (current structure) begins in Constantinople. 590 St. Gregory the Great becomes pope 596 Pope St. Gregory the Great sends St. Augustine of Canterbury to England to evangelize the Anglo-Saxons 597 St. Augustine baptizes the King of Kent 632 Death of Mohammad 637 Muslims attack Constantinople 638 Muslims capture Jerusalem 698 Muslims take Carthage 711 Muslims invade and occupy Spain. 716 St. Boniface leaves England to evangelize Germania 732 France halts Muslim invasion 754 With St. Boniface's help, the pope allies with the Kings of the Franks 793 Vikings attack England 800 Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III 800 Gunpowder invented 885 Vikings attack Paris 997 Muslims occupy Santiago de Compostela in Spain, burial place of St. James the Apostle. 1000 Muslims control two thirds of the ancient Christian world 1054 The Great Schism 1073 St. Gregory VII elected pope 1073 Pope St. Gregory VII excommunicates the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV 1088 First universities founded 1094 The Byzantine emperor in Constantinople asks the West for aid against Muslim armies 1095 Pope Urban II calls for a Crusade, and Christians temporarily capture Jerusalem 1144 First Gothic cathedral completed 1147 Second Crusade 1192 Third Crusade 1204 Crusaders from the Fourth Crusade sack Constantinople 1209 Franciscan Order is founded by St. Francis of Assisi 1216 Dominican Order founded by St. Dominic 1229 The Inquisition is founded 1274 St. Thomas Aquinas writes the Summa Theologica 1300 The Renaissance begins 1347 Bubonic plague arrives in Europe 1386 St. Catherine of Siena cares for the sick and buries the dead when the plague strikes Siena. 1440 Printing Press invented 1492 Christopher Columbus sails for North America 1513 Ponce De Leon of Spain founds St. Augustine, Florida 1517 Martin Luther presents the 95 Theses 1520 Luther denies the authority of the pope to interpret Scripture 1521 Luther is excommunicated 1522 Luther translates the Bible into German 1526 Franciscan missionaries arrive in what is now Florida 1534 St. Ignatius of Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 1534 King Henry VII of England breaks England from the Catholic Church after the pope refuses to allow him a divorce 1535 St. Thomas More is executed by Henry VIII 1536 Henry VIII dissolves all monasteries and convents in England and Ireland 1541 First Franciscan explorations in what is now California Period: 1545 to 1611 The Council of Trent 1549 Jesuit missionaries arrive in the Far East Period: 1562 to 1582 St. Teresa of Avila founds Discalced Carmelite convents throughout Spain 1611 The King James Bible becomes the Bible of the Church of England 1611 St. Peter Claver arrives in Columbia 1622 The Mayflower sets sail from England to North America 1634 The Colony of Maryland is established 1689 England overthrows its Catholic king and bans any future Catholic monarchs 1704 Maryland outlaws the public practice of Catholicism in the colony Period: 1715 to 1789 The Enlightenment 1776 British colonies in North America declare their independence 1789 The French Revolution begins 1789 The US Constitution prevents religious tests for national office 1791 The First Amendment protects free religious exercise in the US and prevents the national government from establishing a religion 1848 Karl Marx writes the Communist Manifesto Period: 1868 to 1870 Ecumenical Council of the Vatican 1903 Bolshevik party formed in Russia 1914 World War I begins 1914 St. Maximillian Kolbe is killed by the Nazis in Auschwitz 1917 Mexico outlaws Catholicism 1917 Three children at Fatima, Portugal are granted visions of the Virgin Mary 1922 Soviet Union is formed 1926 Servant of God Dorothy Day converts to Catholicism 1926 The first Catholic bishops in China are ordained 1927 Bl. Miguel Pro is killed by the Mexican government 1933 Day founds the Catholic Worker newspaper 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany; first Nazi concentration camp is opened 1939 World War II begins 1940 Communist governments begin persecutions and mass murder across Europe and Asia 1959 Pope St. John XXIII calls the Church council that will become known as Vatican II Period: 1962 to 1965 Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican 1973 The US Supreme Court rules that the Constitution protects the right of an abortion 1981 Pope St. John Paul II survives an assassination attempt ordered by the KGB 1989 The Soviet Union begins to fall