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Muhammad was threatened with murder because he was disruptingt Mecca's merchant's tradition of their idols. Muhammad and his followers left to Yathrib, later on called the hijra. The city's name was changed to Medina.
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Muhammad was about 40 years old when Allah made him his messanger. He went out to meditate in a cave in the hills. One of Allah's angel's (Gabriel) called Muhammad to be Allah's messanger.
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The prophet Muhammad died unexpectedly. When he passes away, people began to bicker about who would bnecome his successor. Many people had two ways to solve the problem. Which caused Islam to split into two.
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After Muhaamad dies, Abu Bakr becomes the next caliph. Abu was Muhammad's father-in-law. Abu bakr wanted Muslims to worship Allah because Allah is alive ad Muhammad wasn't. Arab tribes didn't want to be loyal to Abu Bakr, s Abu had to find a way to reunit Muslims.
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Islam didvided into two parts, Sunnis and the Shia. The Sunns are 90% of Muslims and they beleive that Muhammad's successor should have been from his tribe. On the other hand, the Shias thought that Ali should have been Muhammad's successor. Both parts of Islam followed the pillars of Islam, used the Quran for guidence, and beleived in the same God.
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One group of Muslims thought that Muhammad's son-in-law should become the first caliph. The group was called Shia. Ali was chosen to be the fourth caliph. Ali was killed by the Kharijites while he was praying in a mosque in Iraq.
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A Meccan clan created the Umayyad dynasty. The caliph was a Suni ruler. They spreaded their Arab rule all the way to Spain and Morocco.The Umayyad dynasty declined because Arabs relied on oficials to govern the empire, there was economic tension, and resources were only used for the caliph.
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Muslims found a new leader, Abu al-Abas. He killed the entire Umayyad family. Abbasid wanted equality with all Muslims. Islam then became more diverse due to discrimination.
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Baghdad was was larger and weathlier than Constantinople. People thought that the city should have been named the city of peace. Baghdad was very beautiful with all of their mosques and beautiful gardens.
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The Seljuks kept controling father t Asia Minor. The Seljuks began to threat the Byzantine Empire. When the Seljuks threatened the Byzantine Empire, the Christians weren't allowed to travel out to Jersualem. That made Pop Urban the second to demand the first crusade in 1095.
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The Abbasid's empire was starting to decline. The caliph's power wasn't as strong anymore.The Seljuk Turks take control over Baghdad
