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The battle was between the Muslims and the Visigoths, and it was near the Guadalete River by the coast of the Iberian peninsula. Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād, defeated Roderick in this battle. This was important since it led to Muslim's conquering Spain.
https://history-maps.com/story/Reconquista/event/Battle-of-Guadalete -
The Battle was between a Muslim army and Pelayo. They forced him out of his territory, and into the mountains and into a narrow valley in Covadonga. The Muslims were unsuccessful in conquering Pelayo’s mountainous. Pelayo’s victory was seen as the first stage of the Reconquista.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
This battle took place by the border of the Frankish realm and the independent region of Aquitaine. A Frankish and Burgundian army fought against Al-Andalus's governor's Umayyad army. Muslims conquered Iberia and were looking to push the limits of their expansion. The Frankish and Burgundian army were able to defeat the Umayyad army.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
The battle took place along the Spanish region of Navarre, in the mountains of Pyrenees. Roland, a Frankish commander was returning back to France with his army, when local Basque tribes started attacking them. Roland and his army were defeated in this battle.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
Amazigh troops gained control in Córdoba, which lead to killing Caliph Hisham II. Leading religious authorities in Córdoba to dissolve the caliphate.There was also enhanced military strength for the Muslims in the peninsula.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/rulers/ -
With this, Pope Alexander II sent an Italian, Norman, French, and Spanish army to fight against a Muslim fortress in Barbastro. The Almoravid leader, later began expanding northward through Morocco and Algeria.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/timeline/pope-alexander-ii-sends-a-force-against-the-muslim-held-fortress-of-barbastro/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pope-alexander-ii-sends-a-force-against-the-muslim-held-fortress-of-barbastro -
In this battle under Sancho II's rule, the Castilians were joined by El Cid, and defeated the Leónese. Also Alfonso VI of León led a campaign against Muslim Badajoz, but later on withdrew.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/timeline-history/the-era-of-the-petty-kings/ -
This battle was Fought by Ibn Tashfin, the Andalusians, and the petty kings, against Alfonso VI of Castile. The reasoning for this battle was Alonso VI of Castile conquering Toledo. The Muslim armies defeated the Christians in this battle.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
In this battle the Aragonese army, which was being lled by King Pedro I of Aragon, established themselves in the Castle of Montearagón. In the battle Saint George appeared to help fight with the Aragonese, leading them to win the battle.
https://www.loquis.com/en/loquis/1362714/Battle+of+Alcoraz -
This battle took place in Alarcos by the Guadiana River, and in the battle King Alfonso VIII of Castile attacked Seville. The Almohads successfully defeated the Christians, and they abandoned all nearby castles in the Kingdom of Castile.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
This battle took place by southern Spain. In this battle King Alfonso VII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Alfonso II of Portugal, and Peter II of Aragon, all came together and fought against the Muslims. The Christian army defeated the Muslims, leading them to be unable to recover from the defeat.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
The battle took place near the Salado River. In this battle King Alfonso XI of Castile and King Afonso IV of Portugal came together to fight against the army of Yusuf I of Granada and Marinid ruler Abu al-Hasan Ali. The Christians defeated the Marinids.
https://www.islamicspain.tv/history-of-islamic-spain/major-battles/ -
The Directorium inquisitorum was written by Nicholas Eymeric, who was a Spanish theologianc. The Directorium inquisitorum speaks about the system of the inquisition, heresies, prosecutions, procedures, and offenses of witchcraft.
https://blogs.shu.edu/archives/2017/06/highlights-from-the-rare-book-collection-directorium-inquisitorum/ -
There was a wave of violence on Jews, it first started in Seville rapidly being spread to other towns. Jews were being killed when refusing to be baptized. There were also Jews who were able to escape and many people were sold into slavery.
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/112389/jewish/The-Massacres-of-5151.htm -
King and Queen, Ferdinand and Isabella, requested to Pope Sixtus IV to authorize an inquisition in Spain to force Jews into converting. Pope Sixtus IV was pressured into passing this inquisition because The King and Queen of Spain threatened to withdraw military support they had been providing him with.
https://www.thecollector.com/what-was-the-spanish-inquisition/ -
There were 12 conversos who were burned alive for being suspected of practicing Judaism after already having had converted.
https://jewinthepew.org/2015/02/12/12-february-auto-da-fe-in-seville1481-and-toledo-1486-onthisday-otdimjh/ -
This is when the treaty was signed and ratified, between the Sultan of Granada, Boabdil, and King and Queen, Ferdinand and Isabella. This was what fulfilled Christian reconquest in Spain.
https://www.vaguelyinteresting.co.uk/25-november-1491-the-treaty-of-granada-is-signed/ -
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella passed this decree to force Jews and Muslims to either convert to Catholicism or leave Spain.
https://mjhnyc.org/events/the-history-of-antisemitism-the-alhambra-decree/#:~:text=On%20March%2031%2C%201492%2C%20King,to%20leave%20their%20homeland%20behind. -
Martin Luther nailed his "Ninety-Five Theses" on the door of Castle Church in Wittenberg as form of debate concerning his Christian belief. This is considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_YAmrECQ3M -
The Inquisition in Portugal happened 50 years after Spain's and for the same reasoning. The goal was to convert Jews, Muslims, Protestants, and those suspected of witchcraft to Catholicism. The same violent actions were taken with the inquisition, just less than Spain.
https://www.ynetnews.com/article/sjvbhf2h2#