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In 622, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medinah. This marked the beginning of the Islam calendar.
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In 632, Abu Bakr was declared the first caliph, or religious and political leader, of the Muslim Arabs. He along with following caliphs spread Islam in large amounts of area.
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In 632, Muhammad died, leaving behind his belief and strong legacy for Muslims everywhere to continue partcipating and devoting themselves to Islam.
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During the years after Muhammad's death, many Arabic tribes rebelled and claimed that they had only converted because of Muhammad himself. Abu Bakr led a series of attacks against the Arab rebels and his victory reunited the groups.
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In 644, Uthman became the caliph. Uthman was incredibly important to Islam by creating a single Qur'an for all Muslims.
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In 642 Umar the caliph ordered the invasion of the Sassanid Empire, which was defeated in 651.
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In 661, the Umayyad Dynasty was established by Uthman. It was then passed down to Mu’awiya in 680.
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From 711 to 718, Tariq Ibn Ziyad, the Muslim general of the Umayyad army led the conquest that allowed the dynasty to gain Visigoth Spain.
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in 732 Charles Martel with the Franks and Burgundians (of Germany) defeated the Umayyad Caliphate which led to the termination of Islam’s northward into Europe expansion.
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In 750, the Umayyads were defeated by the Abbasids.
