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The Archangel Gabriel appeared to muhammad one day and told him to recite "in the name of [your] lord." That were some of the many revelations that became basis of the holy book. After 5this revelations muhammad begas to attract followers.
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The hijra is known as the move from meddina to meccas and it also marks year one of the islamic calender.
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Muhammad died in 632 and didnt named a successor which caused alot of conflicts in islam to decide who would be the successor.
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Sunnis and shia'as separate after muhammad's death which he didnt named a successor. This cause many conflict between the two.
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Abu Bakr a close friend of muhmmad was chosen by the largest group of the muslims to be the next caliph. But it was between him and ali. Ali was muhammads last male blood relative survivor.
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Ali was muhammad's closest blood male relative survivor so they thought that he was the one who could be the next caliph but they chose abu bakr instead. Later ali was appointed the fourth caliph.
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After mohammed's death the ummayyads came in power and chose mu'awiya the fifth caliph.
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Sized power over muslim lands.And moved their capital to baghdad.
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the ummayyad dynasty started to have many conflicts with outside invaders. The abbasids caused the fall of the ummayads in 750 and kill many ummayyad family members.
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the first crusade was establiseh in 1096.This crusade was specially made to re capture the jerusalem.
