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Emigration became was the hope for Muhammad and his followers survival. The Muslim community started to head towards Medina, another oasis town. The move from Mecca to Medina was known as the Hijra.
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When Muhammad died, he did not leave a caliph to be in charge or the next successor. It was suppose to be the son but he did not have a son so it was daughter.
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Ali Muhammad was thought to be the next Caliph. The caliph was suppose to be the next closest relative. Ali was Muhammad's son in law and was the next male leader.
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Today the Sunni and Shia are still divided into two branches. The two branches resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. The Sunnis are the majority of the population.
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As the Umayyad dynasty kept improving and expanding, they also had faced many problems. The Umayyads had to relie on many of their allies and their people so they have a stable government.
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Archangel Gabriel appeared and told Muhammad to repeat "In the name of (your) lord." Muhammad was being overwhelmed by the significance of what was being reveal to him. Muhammad began his new wisdom with the people of Mecca and began to attract followers.
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Abu Bakr was the original caliph of muhammad because he was on eof the closest friends and was sort of like a relative to him.
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The Rise of Abbasids started after the challenge of the Umayyad Dynasty. The Abbasids soon seized power all over the Muslim Lands and took over completely.
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The Umayyad Dynasty's dominance was challenged by the rising Muslim faction, the Abbasids. The Abbasids brought down the Umayyads and sought to kill as many Umayyad family members as possible to aviod resurgence.
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The Seljuq Turkman who had gradually moved into the Abbasid territory, took control of Baghdad. The leader forced the abbasid caliph to name him sultan.
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The challenges to christian rule led to the pope to call the first crusade in 1096. Christian knights ended up seizing and held Jerusalem when the city was retaken.
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The Europeans maintained a prescence in the region until the crusaders ended in 1204 and in spite of all of the conflict, trade still managed to be successful.
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By the eighth century, the Abbadsid court's interest in Medical and scientific knowledge led to the creation of the famous House of Wisdom. The house of wisdom was a place were all the languages and writings were taught or practiced.
