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Muhammad was born in AD 570, in Mecca, or present-day Saudi Arabia. He was raised by his uncle (who was a wealthy merchant) due to his father's death before he was born. Muhammad usually went to meditate in a cave on the Mount where, according to the Koran, the Angel Gabriel appeared to him and proclaimed him a prophet. -
In the seventh century muslim faced the Bizantine Empire and conquered Syria, Egypt and part of the Persian Empire. -
In 622 Muhammad and his growing number of followers were forced to leave Mecca and fled to Medina. This also marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. this event was called the Hijra. -
In 632 Muhammad died of an illnes and most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to islam -
In 632 the first four caliphs started ruling the muslims. -
In 661 the first four caliphs stop ruling
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In 718 they took over most of the Iberian Peninsula
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In the 718 after the military conquest, Al-Andalus became a province or emirate that was dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus. They establiselth their capital in Cordoba. The dependent Emirate ended in 756 -
In 732 the Frankish Kingdom defeated them in the Battle of Poitiers.
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In 750 the caliphs in Damasco were over from by the Abbasids of Baghdad. the last member of the Umayyad family, Prince Abd al-Rahman, fled to Al-Andalus in 756.
He declared independent emir and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. They finished in 929 -
In the early tenth century the Emirate of Córdoba faced numerous problems. The emir Abd al-Rahman III wanted to imposed his authority, and, in 929 he proclamed himself caliph and established the Caliphate of Córdoba. -
It was during the period of the Caliphate of Cordoba that Al-Andalus experience a time of economic prosperity called Golden Age
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From 1008 the caliphate begun to break up. By 1031, Al-Andalus was divided into more than 25 independent kingdoms called taifas. The taifas experienced a period of prosperity and development. However, they were militarilty weaker. -
The only territory that survived the Christians advance in the thirteenth century was the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.In 1492 the last ruler of Granada surrendered to the Catholic Monarchs.