Islam Timeline By student1.1 Jan 1, 622 Muhammad flees Mecca to Medina. Oct 29, 632 Muhammad dies. Nov 1, 661 Ali the fourth caliph in Islam is assassinated. Jan 1, 750 Umayyad dynasty ends and Abbassid dynasty begins. Jul 7, 1099 Christian crusaders capture Jerusalem from the Muslims. Jan 1, 1187 Saladin caputures Jerusalem for the Muslims. Jan 1, 1258 Abbassid dynasty ends. Sep 5, 1566 Suleiman the Magnificent becomes the ruler of the Ottoman empire. Nov 1, 1587 Abbas the Great gains control of the Safavid Empire. Oct 28, 1631 The Taj Mahal is built.