Islam Chapter

Reign of Justinian

527

One of the most remarkable rules in not only the east but in all of history. Emporer Justinian was married to Theodora who was a originally a poor girl from a poor family and she helped him last and stay in power during a protest against his rule in 532. Justinian's army was fought under the general Belisarius.
His army went to the north and destroyed the Vandals later on in to major battles. Justinian reigned for an awesome 38 years.

Hagia Sophia Created

537

Under the reign of emperor Justinian the Hagia Sophia was one of his best architectural achievements. It was finally completed in 537 by two architects. The Hagia Sophie had beautiful domes and arches. It is located in Constantinople. There is a really big dome crowning four huge piers in the middle.

Birth of Muhammad

570

Born in Mecca into a merchant family a soon to be prophet is named Muhammad. His name changed the tradition of his ancestor's names.

Death of Muhammad

Jun 8, 632

The Prophet Muhammad returns to Mecca where he can die.

Abu Bakr is elected to caliphate

Dec 25, 632

Eventually everything has to die, so when Muhammad died they had to elect a new successor for him and that was Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr was a wealthy merchant who was Muhammad's father-in-law.

War at Yarmuk

Sep 6, 636

Once Muhammad Chose his Successor the Arabs stopped fighting eachother and started going against the neighboring peoples. At Yarmuk 636 Muslim defeated the Byzantine army. During this time areas in Egypt and North Africa were also under arab authority.

Muslims launch attack on Constantinople

Sep 6, 717

Another Islamic army with the hopes of killing off the Byzantine Empire, But the Byzantines had Greek fire which was a fire that was dead that could burn for a long time since it was a petroleum based compound and that destroyed the muslimes. For the Byzantine Empire and Islam there is an un easy frontier.

Baghdad is Built

May 20, 762

The Abbasids were the people who built Baghdad. Their caliphs brought political, economic, and cultural change to the world of Islam. In 762 they built to the east of the Tigres rive at Damascas an new city called Baghdad. The capital was strategically placed to get by the river flow and lay astride the caravan route from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.

Seljuk Turks seize Baghdad

Mar 10, 1055

The Abbasid caliphate was threatened by the Seljuk Turks because they were nomadic peoples that were known for their mounted archers. In 1055 a Turkish general took over Baghdad and just said he was the sultan which means sovereign or a really high person of power like a leader. So then the Seljuk Turks were in charge.

First Crusade

Feb 26, 1096

A dashing bloody heart stroking battle started many raids known as the first crusades this was because the Christians back then all believed that they needed their holy land back and also the adjacent areas on the Meiterranean coast. Little did they know that this would start many more battles to come and Muslims and Christians would be fighting in what is known as the Crusades or Holy wars,

Sunni's put an end to Fatimid

Dec 6, 1169

Under the valiant leadership of Saladin, the armies controlled Egypt and Syria. So then confronting the Christian states in the area with united Muslim power on two fronts.

Latin Empire of Constantinople

Oct 1, 1204

In 1204 during the Crusades the was a bloody battle between the Muslims and the Christians. Fighting non-stop for the ownership of land in what was call the Crusades, Constantinople was sacked and lost. Then the Crusaders set up Latin Empire of Constantinople. Some parts of the Byzantine Empire managed to survive under control of Byzantine princes though.

End of the Byzantine Empire

Dec 6, 1453

Constantinople was founded by Constatine and later became a center for trade and the Byzantine Empire was massive. But in 1453 Sultan Mehmet II seized Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire with the help of the Ottoman Turks and their military mass and indulgence brought down from the North.

Abd al-Rahman takes over spain

Mar 2, 2022

Because provincial rulers wanted to start there own empire or dynasty. The Caliphate Abd al Rahman took control of Spain. He started by marching into the south of the peninsula then he went into the middle of the peninsula. Abd ak Rahman took the title of emir which means commander in Arabic.

Dome of the Rock

Mar 2, 2022

There was a rock in which Abraham thought he was told by God to sacrifice his son and then an angel came and save Abraham's son whom he loved (Isaac) and gave a sheep to sacrafice istead and now this dome is important, holy, and revered by the Jews Christians and Muslims. The dome is located in the heart of Jerusalem on Muhammad's holy rock.