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He was 62 when he died
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He was a political leader and a successor to Muhammad. He was also the religious leader of the Muslims.
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The Muslim army crossed the straight of Gibraltar and pushed north into France
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The army was defeated at the battle of Tors. The advance into western Europe halted.
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The long rule over the area stopped
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Abbysid control over the Arab empire fragmented. Civil wars erupted and Shiit rulers took over the empires
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They migrated from the middle east to central Asia and adopted Islam and built a large empire across the Fertile crescent
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Seljuk Sultan left the Abbasid Caliph as a figure head. As they progressed they threatened the Byzantine.
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Reports of Seljuk interference in Jerusalem lead Pope Urban the second to call for the first crusade.