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East India Company
The East India Company was initially created in 1600 to serve as a trading body for English merchants, specifically to participate in the East Indian spice trade.(https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-India-Company) -
Monroe Doctrine
(https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=23)
The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. -
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Great Trek
The Great Trek was a movement of Dutch-speaking colonists up into the interior of southern Africa in search of land where they could establish their own homeland, independent of British rule.
(https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/great-trek-1835-1846) -
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Opium Wars
two armed conflicts in China in the mid-19th century between the forces of Western countries and of the Qing dynasty, which ruled China from 1644 to 1911/12. The first Opium War (1839–42) was fought between China and Britain
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/Opium-Wars) -
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David Livingstone missionary work
In 1849 and 1851, he travelled across the Kalahari, on the second trip sighting the upper Zambezi River. In 1852, he began a four year expedition to find a route from the upper Zambezi to the coast.
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/livingstone_david.shtml) -
Matthew C. Perry in Japan
U.S. naval officer who headed an expedition that forced Japan in 1853–54 to enter into trade and diplomatic relations with the West after more than two centuries of isolation. Through his efforts the United States became an equal power with Britain, France, and Russia in the economic exploitation of East Asia.
(https://www.britannica.com/biography/Matthew-C-Perry) -
The Treaty of Kanagawa
On March 31, 1854, the first treaty between Japan and the United States was signed. The Treaty was the result of an encounter between an elaborately planned mission to open Japan and an unwavering policy by Japan's government of forbidding commerce with foreign nations.
(https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/treaty-of-kanagawa) -
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Sepoy Rebellion
(https://www.britannica.com/event/Indian-Mutiny#ref323600)
From the time of the mutineers’ seizure of Delhi, the British operations to suppress the mutiny were divided into three parts. First came the desperate struggles at Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow during the summer; then the operations around Lucknow in the winter of 1857–58, directed by Sir Colin Campbell; and finally the “mopping up” campaigns of Sir Hugh Rose in early 1858. Peace was officially declared on July 8, 1859. -
British Raj
British raj, period of direct British rule over the Indian subcontinent from 1858
(https://www.britannica.com/event/British-raj) -
Queen Victoria crowned Empress of India
In 1877, Benjamin Disraeli, Conservative Prime Minister, had Queen Victoria proclaimed as Empress of India. India was already under crown control after 1858, but this title was a gesture to link the monarchy with the empire further and bind India more closely to Britain.
(http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/queen-victoria-becomes-empress-india#:~:text=About%3A,India%20more%20closely%20to%20Britain.) -
Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress, byname Congress Party, broadly based political party of India. Formed in 1885, the Indian National Congress dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain. It subsequently formed most of India’s governments from the time of independence and often had a strong presence in many state governments.
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indian-National-Congress) -
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Boer War
South African War, also called Boer War, Second Boer War, or Anglo-Boer War; to Afrikaners, also called Second War of Independence, war fought from October 11, 1899, to May 31, 1902, between Great Britain and the two Boer (Afrikaner) republics
(https://www.britannica.com/event/South-African-War) -
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Open Door Policy
The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.
(https://www.britannica.com/event/Open-Door-policy) -
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Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion, officially supported peasant uprising of 1900 that attempted to drive all foreigners from China. “Boxers” was a name that foreigners gave to a Chinese secret society known as the Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists”). The group practiced certain boxing and calisthenic rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable.
(https://www.britannica.com/event/Boxer-Rebellion) -
Roosevelt Corollary
a corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine, asserting that the U.S. might intervene in the affairs of an American republic threatened with seizure or intervention by a European country.
(https://www.dictionary.com/browse/roosevelt-corollary) -
Panama Canal built
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/Panama-Canal)\
Panama Canal, Spanish Canal de Panamá, lock-type canal, owned and administered by the Republic of Panama, that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the narrow Isthmus of Panama.The length of the Panama Canal from shoreline to shoreline is about 40 miles (65 km) and from deep water in the Atlantic (more specifically, the Caribbean Sea) to deep water in the Pacific about 50 miles (82 km).