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Misquitoes protected the interior of Africa from European invasion until a way to protect the Europeans was invented. Quinine protected Europeans from getting malaria.
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David Livingstone, a missionary, travels deep into central Africa to promote Christianity. No word is heard from his party for several years and people think he is dead.
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Only 10 percent of Africa is controlled by Europeans in the 1880s
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Diamonds are discovered in South Africa in 1886 and gold in 1887 and increased Europeans desire for Africa