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Period: Jun 20, 1265 to Sep 14, 1321
Dante
Poet, created the Divine Comedy which portrayed Hell,Purgatory, and Heaven. -
Period: Jan 19, 1300 to
Medici Legacy
The dominating family throughout the Renaissance, they had pope's and high officials in the church and government. -
Jan 23, 1348
Plague
The Black Death is estimated to have killed 30–60 percent of Europe's population,[2] reducing world population from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million in the 14th century. The aftermath of the plague created a series of religious, social and economic upheavals, which had profound effects on the course of European history. It took 150 years for Europe's population to recover. The plague returned at various times, killing more people, until it left Europe in the 19th century. -
Jan 23, 1350
European Exploration
Europe decides to explore the New World. They built a huge navy fleet and had wars at sea for goods coming from the New World. Land was being obtained in the name of the country that explored it. -
Period: Jan 1, 1375 to Jan 1, 1527
Italian Renaissance
A great time for thinkers and writers, where people started actually thinking on why they live the way they live. -
Jan 22, 1391
First Modern Astrolabe
Help navigate the ocean for exploration at sea. -
Period: Jan 19, 1398 to Feb 3, 1468
Johannes Gutenberg
Created the printing press. -
Jan 22, 1400
Perspectives
How art was drew in the Renaissance. -
Jan 22, 1400
Improved Art Forms
How art was created, it wasn't flat anymore, it was more realistic and had a theme to it. -
Jan 22, 1400
Centralized Government
is one in which power or legal authority is exerted or coordinated by a de facto political executive to which federal states, local authorities, and smaller units are considered subject. In a national context, centralization occurs in the transfer of power to a typically sovereign nation state. -
Jan 22, 1405
Modern Galleys
Helped navigate through the ocean. -
Jan 22, 1436
Printing Press
Helped spread idea's faster. -
Jan 26, 1445
Sandro Botticelli
was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He belonged to the Florentine school under the patronage of Lorenzo de' Medici, a movement that Giorgio Vasari would characterize less than a hundred years later as a "golden age", a thought, suitably enough, he expressed at the head of his Vita of Botticelli. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century; since then his work has been seen to represent the linear grace of Early Renaissance painting. -
Period: Apr 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519
Leonardo da Vinci
Well rounded man, studied science, art and math. Drew the Mona Lisa. -
Period: Jan 28, 1457 to Apr 21, 1509
King Henry VII
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Period: Oct 28, 1466 to Jul 12, 1536
Erasmus
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Period: May 3, 1469 to Jun 21, 1527
Machiavelli
an Italian historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. A founder of modern political science -
Period: Feb 19, 1473 to May 24, 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus' epochal book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), published just before his death in 1543, is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the scientific revolution. His heliocentric model, with the Sun at the center of the universe, demonstrated that the observed motions of celestial objects can be explained without putting Earth at rest in the center of the universe. -
Period: Mar 6, 1475 to Feb 18, 1564
Michelangelo
an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. -
Period: Dec 11, 1475 to Dec 1, 1521
Pope Leo X
He was the last non-priest (only a deacon) to be elected Pope. He is known for granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 Theses. He was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, the most famous ruler of the Florentine Republic, and Clarice Orsini. His cousin, Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, would later succeed him as Pope Clement VII -
Period: Feb 7, 1478 to Jul 6, 1535
Thomas More
an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councilor to Henry VIII of England and, for three years toward the end of his life, Lord Chancellor. He is recognized as a saint within the Catholic Church and is commemorated by the Church of England as a "Reformation martyr" -
Period: Mar 28, 1483 to Apr 6, 1520
Raphael
an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
created the 95 Thesis -
Period: Jan 18, 1491 to Jul 31, 1556
Saint Ignatius of Loyola
Spanish knight from a Basque noble family, hermit, priest since 1537, and theologian, who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and was its first Superior General.[2] Ignatius emerged as a religious leader during the Counter-Reformation. Loyola's devotion to the Catholic Church was characterized by unquestioning obedience to the Catholic Church's authority and hierarchy -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
Henry VIII
King of France, lead france to revolt against him. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII
Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church. -
Jan 23, 1500
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to ("protested") the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led to the creation of new national Protestant churches. -
Jan 23, 1500
Scientific Revolution
ew ideas and knowledge in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry transformed medieval and ancient views of nature and laid the foundations for modern science. According to most accounts, the scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance era and continued through the late 18th century, the later period known as The Enlightenment. -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin
created Calvinism, the idea that your predestined in life. -
Jan 23, 1524
Peasents War
The Peasants' War (Deutscher Bauernkrieg in German, literally the German Peasants' War) was a popular revolt that took place in Europe during 1524–1525. It consisted, like the preceding Bundschuh movement and the Hussite Wars, of a series of both economic and religious revolts in which peasants, townsfolk and nobles all participated. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth set out to rule by good counsel, and she depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first moves as queen was the establishing of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement later evolved into today's Church of England. -
Jan 23, 1543
Counter Reformation
The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of four major elements: Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration Religious orders Spiritual movements Political dimensions -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism. -
Period: Dec 27, 1571 to
Johannes Kepler
a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy -
Period: to
Thomas Hobbes
n English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social contract theory. -
Period: to
Rene Decarte
French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. -
Period: to
Oliver Cromwell
Cromwell was one of the commanders of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in the English Civil War. After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Cromwell dominated the short-lived Commonwealth of England, conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658. -
Telescope
Helped study the night sky and keep thinkers thinking. -
Russian Army
Led by Peter the Great, created ranks and based leadership off experience. -
Period: to
Charles I
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30 Years War
The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as the main reason for the fighting. Initially, the war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part. Gradually, the war developed into a more general conflict involving most of the European powers. -
Period: to
Charles II
Charles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he himself favoured a policy of religious tolerance. -
Period: to
John Locke
an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. -
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers). The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. -
Period: to
Isaac Newton
s an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived. -
Sextant
Helped with math -
New Model Army
The New Model Army of England was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War, and was disbanded in 1660 after the Restoration. It differed from other armies in the series of civil wars referred to as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in that it was intended as an army liable for service anywhere in the country (including in Scotland and Ireland), rather than being tied to a single area or garrison. Its soldiers became full-time professionals, rather than part-time militia. To e -
Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th-century Europe, that sought to mobilize the power of reason, in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted science and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition. -
Pendulum Clock
Helped keep track of time at night. -
Modern Calculus
Helped thinkers solve more problems and discover more things in life. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Great ruler of Russia, founded St. Petersburg and brough Russia to the modern times back then, created the first Navy of Russia. -
Gravity explained by Newton
Showed that god didn't rule everything, that science has reasoning. -
Constitutional Monarchy
a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified, or blended constitution. This form of government differs from absolute monarchy in which an absolute monarch serves as the source of power in the state and is not legally bound by any constitution and has the powers to regulate his or her respective government. -
Limited Monarchy
a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified, or blended constitution. This form of government differs from absolute monarchy in which an absolute monarch serves as the source of power in the state and is not legally bound by any constitution and has the powers to regulate his or her respective government. -
Period: to
Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brede et de Montesquieu
He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is taken for granted in modern discussions of government and implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. He was largely responsible for the popularization of the terms feudalism and Byzantine Empire. -
Period: to
Francois-Marie Arouet Voltaire
French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion, freedom of expression, free trade and separation of church and state. -
Period: to
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism of French expression. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought. -
Age of Absolutism
Absolute monarchy is a monarchical form of government in which the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government, his or her powers are not limited by a constitution or by the law. An absolute monarch wields unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people. -
Period: to
Marie Antoinette
n April 1770, on the day of her marriage to Louis-Auguste, Dauphin of France, she subsequently became Dauphine of France. Marie Antoinette assumed the title of Queen of France and of Navarre when her husband, Louis XVI of France, ascended the throne upon the death of Louis XV in May 1774. After seven years of marriage, she gave birth to a daughter, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, the first of four children. -
Economy Changes in France
France was a wealthy nation, where all idea's were coming from to a country that then became a poor country. Not enough food to keep everyone alive, money going to the 1st and 2nd estate leaving the 3rd estate nothing. -
Humanism
Renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement in Europe of the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period. The 19th-century German historian Georg Voigt (1827–91) identified Petrarch as the first Renaissance humanist.