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In 1176 Fredrick I was defeated by the Lombard Leauge. This leauge was formed by the Lombard cities and the pope.
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Pope Innocent III begins his service as the pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He believed he had the power over both political and spiritual needs. He used his tools of excommunication and interdiction often.
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Due to the fact that popes after Innocent lacked his personal qualities of control and favor, papal power began to decline after his death.
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A German king who worked to develop a strong kingdom.
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