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AFter the death of Pepin the Short, his father, Carloman, his first son became King. Carloam died shortly after in 771 and Charlemagne became KIng.
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Conquered land to the west and east while spreading Christianity. Expanded his empire to be larger than the Byzantine empire.
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Church reformers did not want Kings to have the power of choosing bishops.
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Successors of Gregory and Henry fight over lay investiture becasue although Gregory forgave Henry, his forgivness didn'tsolve anything.
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Henry corssed the Alps to apologize to Pope Gregory VII so he could save his throne.
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A representative of the Church and the emperor met in the city or Worms and reached a compromise. Only the Church could appoint a bishop but the emperor could veto the appointment.
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Seven princes elect him as a stronger ruler to keep the peace. First ruler to call his land the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick had a strong, military personality.
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Frederick invaded wealthy Italian cities many times which greatly angered Italian merchants and the Pope because he was attacking near his land. Italian merchants and the Pope united against him and formed the Lombard League. Italian foot soldiers defeat knights for the first time in history.
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After making peace with the Pope he returns Germany but the German princes who elected him have lost respect for him because of the defeat.
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Frederick drowns and his empire falls.
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Charlemagne goes to Rome to stop a mob that is attacking the Pope. In return Pope Leo III crowns him Emperor.
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Also known as Otto the Great idolized Charlemagne and followed in his footsteps.
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Crowned Emperor by Pope John XII Was rewarded by the Pope for invading Italy on his behalf. His empire was first called the Roman Empire of the German Nation, then was named the Holy Roman Empire.
