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Jul 10, 1040
Third French Republic
Politically is very unstable. There were rivalry between monarchists and republicans. There was a number of scandals. For example The Boulanger Affair. Also because there were so many factions, all governments were coalitions. -
Sep 4, 1070
The 2nd French Republic
General Louis Cavaignac assumed dictatorial powers & crashed the revolt. There were 10,000 dead. It was also a victory for the conservatives. -
British East India company
East India company activity limited to coastal trading cities while the Mughal Empire was strong. Company’s army took over much of India, claiming it had to restore order. -
The 5th of Novembr
In this event called the Gunpowder plot, it was a failed attempt to blow up England’s King James l and the Parliament. Organized by Robert Catesby. It is important because till this day people celebrate the fact that nobody including the King died on that day. -
English Civil War begins
It all cause because of a conflict between Charles l and Parliament over an Irish insurrection. It began with first war which was settled with Oliver Cromwell’s victory for Parliamentary forces at the 1645 Battle of Naseby. -
Louis XIV takes rule of Franc
At the death of his Mentor, Mazarin he took over. He established image of being a Sun God which meant all light in France came for him. -
End of English civil war
The English Civil War ended with Charles defeat at the Battle of Preston and his subsequent execution in 1649. This is important because it marks the end of a really big and important war that everyone should know about. -
The beginning of Varsailles
Commissioned by King Louis XIV, the Sun King, the palace of Versailles became the official residence of the court and government of France. -
The Financial Revolution
It all started when Parliament declared war on France. England was engaged in a long and expensive war with its neighbour across the Channel. -
Marie Antoinette becomes queen
She was the last queen of France who helped provoke the popular unrest that led to French Revolution and to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. -
Meeting of the Estates-general
Voting was conducted by estate. Each estate had one vote. First and Second estates could operate as a bloc to stop the Third estate from having its way. -
Storming the Bastille
The Bastille was a prison that was not actually being used as a prison anymore, except for 7 prisoners. It was being used to store power. French citizens attacked and took over the Bastille looking to gather the gunpowder for their guns to defend themselves. -
Revolution begins
Louis XVI did not actually want a written constitution and had no intention of following through with writing one. When news of his plan to use military force against the National Assembly reached Paris people stormed the Bastille. -
Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizens
It was liberty, property, resistance to oppression, and Thomas Jefferson was in Paris at this time. -
Third French Republic Declared
France defeat at the Battle of Sedan. Napoleon 111 abdicated the throne. There was new government headed. -
Olaudah is free
Lt. Pascal sold Olaudah to a new master, Mr. King. Olaudah made himself very useful to Mr. King and learned more about commerce and trade. He earned enough money working in commerce to buy his freedom from Mr. King, and he stayed in England and became an abolitionist. -
Ireland
1801, Ireland joined United Kingdom. Some Irish hated British rulers, particularly British landlords who had power to evict Irish farmers. The Irish never accepted English rule. -
Abolition of the Slave Trade Bill
It was finally passed. It became illegal in Britain to buy and sell people. Parliament gave a round of applause to Wilberforce who had tears running down his face. -
King Charles X becomes new King
After Napoleon, France tried having a king again which was Louis XVIII. Although his power was limited. So after Louis came Charles X. He attempted to to take some of the monarchy’s power back. Some things that he did was he dissolved the entire parliament. He also did strict censorship imosed. -
Iron horse
A race between Peter Cooper’s diminutive Tom Thumb locomotive and the horse-drawn Baltimore and Ohio. Railroad car demonstrated the superiority of steam power. -
Sadler’s Interviews
Micheal Sadler introduced a Bill in Parliament that proposed limiting hours in all mills to 10 for persons under the age of 18. -
Victoria becomes queen
Victoria becomes queen at the age of 18 after the death of her uncle. Her reign was a period of significant social, economic and technological change, which saw the expansion of Britain’s industrial power and of the British empire. -
Slaves in England
slaves in the British empire started a period of “apprenticeship”, during which they were obliged to work without pay for their former owners. -
Opium wars
The battles took place at sea. It started when the Chinese government confronted foreign merchant ships and demanded they surrender their illegal cargo. Outdated Chinese vessels sent by the emperor didn’t stand a chance against the British warships and were destroyed by the dozen. -
The June days
Worker groups in Paris rose up in insurrection. They said that the government had betrayed the revolution. Workers wanted a redistribution of wealth. A new liberal-conservative coalition formed to oppose this lower class radicalism. -
Crystal Palace Exhibition
The crystal palace of 1851 was the largest enclosed space in the world at that time. There were 14,000 visitors from around the world saw stuffed elephants and Tunisian bazaars amoung other items brought back from around the British Empire. The building had 300,000 panes of glass. It was burnt down in 1936. -
The Great Exhibition
This event was the brainchild of Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, and was designed to provide a showcase for the world's most advanced inventions, manufactures and works of art. -
The Treaty of Kanagawa
This treaty was with the U.S to allow for them to trade with Japan. -
India becomes a British colony
For Indians, British rule source of frustration and humiliation. Many British thought they were superior. Era of British rule in India often called the British Raj, Hindi word meaning “rule”. Many educated Indians frustrated at having no say in own government. -
The Meiji Revolt
This was a powerful group of samurai overthrow the Shogun. Sakamoto Ryoma, was the hero for this. He helped Japan emerge from feudalism into a unified modern state. -
Railroad Revolution 1850s
A continuous line connected the lower Mississippi River with the southern Atlantic seaboard. Laborers completed the transcontinental railroad, linking the continent. -
2nd French Republic
The fall of the Second Empire was officially declared. A republic was proclaimed and a provisional government put in place while France was still at war with Germany. -
The 2nd Reform Bill
The purpose was great powers and Ottomans met to settle issues from the Russo-Turkish War. Disraeli represented England. -
The Berlin Conference
European leaders met in Berlin to discuss regulating European colonization and trade in Africa. It was also an effort to prevent conflict between European nations. No African leaders were invited. No attention was paid to ethnic boundaries in dividing Africa. The main concern was size and water access. They did agree to stop slavery & the slave trade in Africa. -
Paris Exposition
It was the World’s Fair held in honor of the French Revolution Centennial. The Eiffel Tower, completed in 1889 and it served as the entrance to the Fair. -
The Boer War
Boers refused to grant political rights to foreigners, including British. So then the British tried to make Boer territory part of British empire. In 1899, war broke out. The British defeated the Boers in 1902. Then in 1910, Boer territory became the self-governing Union of South Africa under British control. -
The Boxer Rebellion
In 1899 the Boxers organized to rid China of “foreign devils”. They went on a rampage, killing around 300 foreigners, Chinese Christians, and Chinese who had ties to foreigners. China paid 333,000,000 in damages and had to permit military forces in Peking and Tientsin. -
The British Laour Party
It was found in 1900 by Scotsman, Keir Hardie. The growth of labor unions gave voice to socialism in Britain. By 1906, it won 26 seats in Commons. -
Australia
In 1901, Britain granted self-rule to the Commonwealth of Australia. It established its own parliament but remained part of British empire. -
Russo-Japanese War
Russia's loss to Japan was a real blow to the Russian people. A lot of blame was put on Czar Nicholas and helped erode his popularity. -
Bloody Sunday
This event was when British soldiers shot 28 unarmed civilians during a protest march against interment. -
The Parliament Act of 1911
It was a political crisis. It was because the Lords had traditionally approved all revenue bills passed by the Commons in the past. It was by threatening to create enough new Liberal peer to control that chamber. -
The Gallipoli Campaign
This event was a joint British and French operated, attempting to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and secure a sea route to Russia. The attempt failed. This was considered one of the greatest victories of the Turks. -
Sinking of Lusitania
The Outrage over the sinking of a passenger ship by a U-boat. Some Americans were among the dead. This happened because Germans claimed it was transporting war munitions. -
The Zimmerman Telegram
This telegram was sent from Germany to Mexico. It was intercepted by the British and handed over to the Americans. -
U.S enters WW1
The congress authorizes a declaration of war against Germany. Then the United States enters World War 1 on the side of French and British. -
Battle of Cantigny
This battle is the first major American offensive of the war. Through small in scale, the Americans fight bravely and soon go on to larger attacks against German positions. -
The death of Nicholas and his family
On this exact day, Nicholas ll and his wife and the five children were tricked into going into the cellar of the house. Then the Bolsheviks lined up a firing squad and fired continually and brutally at them until they were dead. -
The Versailles Treaty
World War 1 officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany. -
Wall Street Crash
The Wall Street Crash of 1929 was the greatest stock market crash in the history of the United States. It happened in the New York Stock Exchange. Bank failures followed, resulting in businesses closing. -
Japan invades Manchuria
Japan launched an attack on Manchuria. Within a few days Japanese armed forces had occupied several strategic. -
Germany Invades the Rhineland
German troops marched into the Rhineland. This action was directly against the Treaty of Versailles which had laid out the terms which defeated Germany had accepted. -
Germany Invades the Rhineland
German troops marched into the Rhineland. This action was directly against the Treaty of Versailles which had laid out the terms which the defeated Germany had accepted. -
The Japanese Invasion of China
This event was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945. It began with the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937 in which a dispute between Japanese and Chinese troops escalated into a battle. -
The Rape of Nanking
During the invasion, the people of Nanking were treated horribly by the Japanese soldiers. Of the city’s about 600,000 people, were killed by the Japanese in horribly cruel ways. -
Kristallnacht
“The Night of Broken Glass”. First large-scale violent attack on Jews throughout Germany Austria. This was a retaliation for the assassination of Nazi diplomat, Ernst Vom Rath, by a Polish Jew in Paris. -
Poland
September 1, 1939 Nazis invade Poland 3.35 million Jews Hans Frank becomes governor of Poland. Forced labor decree issued. This event is considered the catalyst event that starts World War ll. -
Operation Barbarossa
Hitler launched Operation ‘Barbarossa’ the invasion of the Soviet Union. The failure of German troops to defeat Soviet forces in the campaign signaled a crucial turning point in the war. -
Heydrich assassination 1942
Czech underground agents bombed his car. SS hunted down and killed 1000 suspects. Czech town of Lidice was liquidated. 172 men were shot in a village of Lidice in retaliation. -
Reburied
Nicholas and his family was reburied on this exact date. The family was reburied in St. Petersburg in a proper Orthobox service.
