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The sport was created by the Etruscans and introduced into Rome. There were many 'rules' to the sport but it was important for the entertainment, money, and showing Rome's military strength.
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There were many advances including Hippocrates and his oath, the Earth Oribits the Sun and the Pythagorean Thereom.
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in 32 A.D., there was a civil wat battle between Constatine and Maxentius. The war is named after a important route over the Tiber RIver. Constatine had the victory (Maxentius drowned in the river) and became sole leader of Rome.
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In 312 AD, there was a battle between Constantine and Maxentius for the ruling spot. Constantine won and ended the tetrarchy and started the convertion to christianity.
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In 312 AD, the night before the Battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine had a vision that changes history. He said he saw a cross in the sky and heard God promise him victory if he painted the cross onto his shields.
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In the year 313 C.E, Emperor Constantine said that they will have toleration of Christianity. Later on, Christianity became the state religion. Then they empire spilt into two, one Roman Catholic and the other Eastern Orthodox.
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I think it was around 313 AD, when Constantine granted the Edict of Mulan. It finally legalizes Christianity and gives perks to the Chrisitians.
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I dont know if there was a real set time for this.. but.. The council of Nicea organizes Christians, wrote the creed, and decided the date of Easter.
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Around 330 AD, Constantine moves the Capital form Rome to Constantinople. This signifies the end of Roman Empire because the capital isnt Rome.
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Phillip II was assassinated at his own daughter's wedding. His assassinator was his former lovers, Pausinias.
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After his father's death he took over the Empire at age 20. He conquers Persia and Babylon but turned around at India. At the age of 32 he died from a fever.
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In the year of 410 B.C.Visigoths, led by Alaric, burned their way through Rome, leaving destruction wherever they went. For once, Rome wasn't in the hands of the Romans.
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Around 410 AD, This guy Alaric was betrayed by the barbarians and then got tired of their poop and decided to go and attack and destroy Rome.
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The war between the Spartans and Delian League begins 431 B.C and lasts 27 years. This impacted both sides: They were both weaked and exposed to invasion.
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(B.C.) Jews are freed from Babylonians by Cyrus the Great. They then spread out over the world. (Diaspora)
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In 537 AD, the Hagia Sophia was built and can signify the end of the Roman emipre and the beginning of the Byzantine Empire. It had new construction and just wasnt Roman at all.
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Justinian reigned from 527-565 and while in power her was interested in trying to restore the lost Western Rome. He also rewrote the Roman Law.
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There are 5 duties as an Islamic person, knows as the 5 Pillars of Islam:
1.Declaration of Faith
2. Daily Prayer
3. Charity to poor
4. Fasting
5. The Hajj -
It was started my Muhammed who was called to be a Messenger by an Angel. Thousands convert to Islamic religion and is now the major religion.
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Born in 570 AD, then around the age 40, an angel came to him and told him he was a messenger of God. He is the founder of Islam religion.
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Muhammad dies then Abu Bakr is elected to be first successor to Muhammad.
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Spartas and Athens rise to power.
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Franks VS. Umayyad Caliphate with a Frank's victory. Important because it preserves Christian Europe.
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Twins were kidnapped, floated down a river, raised by wolves, found by humans then good deeds. Eventually found their family and created a great city, named Rome.
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Lay Investiture is when regular people can grant bishop power. There was a controvery over this in 1054. Then Gregory ended up banning it. This guy Henry is angered.
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In 1054, the Catholic Church splits into two, the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox, over filioque disagreement. This changes religion forever and is the first split in the Christian Church.
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William only spoke French and people only spole English. So instead of him learning English, he made all of his people learn French.
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Turks invade England on Christmas Day. They had a very interesting tatic: they pretended to flee in panic then turn around and kill them and then run away again.
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The Christians battled the Muslims for control of the lands in the Middle East. This helped unite the Roman Catholic Church and Bysantine Empire.
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Christian knights captured Jersusalem and the Crusades went on and off for another 200 years. Then in 1187, Jersalem fell to the Muslims and the Holy City reopened to Christiam pilgrims.
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Dorians destory Mycaeneans
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God made a covenant with Abraham, according to the Torah. He was also considered Father of Israelites.
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Thomas Becket gets to judge priests when they commite crimes. He was important because he was assigned to be the chancellor of King Henry.
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During the 1200s, the Arab Empire had fallen. Muslim Caliphate and states were spread across North Africa.
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After being being crucified, Jesus ROSE FROM THE DEAD 3 days later. Whoooooooah. He just changed history. For the better of course. :)
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After conquering Judea, the Romans were nice and excused the Jews from worshipping the Roman Gods. But then the Jews rebel and the Romans dismantle Jerusalem.
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Greeks vs. Trojans. With a victory of the Greeks
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The Abbasid Dynasty moved the capital of Islam to Baghdad where they ruled till 1258 AD.
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The rebirth began in 1300s. It was a time of creativity and a change in many areas. Including political, social, economical and cultural. More importnantly, the way people viewed themselves and the world changed too.
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It started out as fleas biting rats, rats biting humans and humans spreading between others. It killed 1/3 people and killed 1/3 of Europe's population in just 5 years. This plague caused their normal life to go chaotic.
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750-1350, Muslim merchants made a vast trading network. Islamic ideas, products and technology spread across Muslim world and beyond.
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Northern Europe recovers slowing from Black Death. After 1450 they had economic growth. They also stressed education, religious themes and spread Italian Renaissance.
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He printed the 1st complete edition of the Bible using the first printing press and printing inks.
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First women ruler of World history and led massive construction and trade edpiditions.
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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella let people torture and kill non-Christians.
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Christopher Colombus sailed west on the search to find a new trading route but he ended up landing on the American continent. Spain was the first to European power to settle in America and take over so much land.
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Pope Alexander VI set a Line of Demarcation dividing the non-Europeans world into two zones. Spain had trading and exploration rights in any lands west of the line and Portugal had the same right east of the line.
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The Spanish, led by Hernan Cortes, consisted of 600 men and had a lust for gold with an evil plan. They were up againist an Empire with millions of people led by Monteszuma. The Aztecs actually fell to the Spanish.
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Magellan was claimed as the archipelago for Spain. Then in about 50 years, Spain conquered the remaining land of the Philippines and renamed for the Spanish King.
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After a 3 month siege, Hernan Cortes and his forces captured the capital of the Aztec Empire.
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After three years, the 18 survivors reached Seville and were named the first people to sail around the world.
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At first Henry was againsit the Protestant revolt. But then he wanted to get his marriage annuled. But the Pope declined so Henry decided to take over the Church. Then Henry got married 4 more times.
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Franciso Pizarro led 180 to the Inca town of Cajamarca. He was able to conquer the army of thousands and gain control of emperor.
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After his father died, EdwardVI took the throne at 10 years old. Parliament passed new laws that brought Protestants reforms to England. Then Henry died young and his sister Elizabeth took the throne.
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Located in Crete named after Minos.
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The Old Regime was made of the Clergy, Nobles and the Royalty. The 3rd Estate hated them. The 3rd Estate was 9/10 French People, they were poor, starving and unhappy.
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France was in tremendous debt. 1/2 of the tax revenue was going to the debt that was caused by war and lavish spending. There was also poor harvests. All this causes riots.
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It was a meeting between Royality and the 3 Estates of France. They had Cahiers that were notebooks of complaints. The Estates joined together and formed the National Assembly with the "Tennis Court oath"
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It was fortress that held political prisoners and thought to have weapons and gunpowder. The people began to attack the government soldiers. This was the beginning of the Revolution.
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The revolts coincides with the worst famine in French History. The peasants attack the homes of the nobles amd Paris divides into various factions who fought for control.
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Hammurabi brings most of Mestopatamia under his control. He also published the first set of written laws.
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He was influenced by the Enlightenment but modified it. He was an independent thinker who made the ideas more realistic. His first Republic was a fail. But he learned two things from that: the wrong people have too much power and Independence NOW.
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Napoleon aquires so much power that he just crowns himself Emperor of the French. During the ceremony, Napoleon takes the crown out of the Popes hands and places it on his own head. This shows that Napoleon thought he had all the power and no one else did.
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Napoleon created a new law code called the Napoleonic Code. It embodied Enlightenment principles such as the equality among all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and advancement based on merit. This code caused women to lose their newly gained rights.
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It was one of Napoleon's greatest victories. After 9 hours of fighitng, Napolean won against the Russo-Austria army just outside of Austerlitz. It brought the 3rd Coalition to an end.
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The Holy Roman Empire lasted from 962-1806. The name for it was a big lie becuase it wasn't Holy, wasn't Roman, and wasn't even really an Empire.
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It was one of the most important military engagements of Napoleon. It eventually ended the 5th Coalition.
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Napoleon further his reputaion on the battlefield. He successfully faced combined forced of Europe. He took risks and even suffered hard losses. He reached his peak in 1810.
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British and Prussian forces cruched the French in a day long battle. Napolean was forced to abdicate and he was exlied and never returned.
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He is the Farther of Communism. University was closed to him because of what his social class was. His newspapers were shut down for radical ideas. These things formed his beliefs.
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Came to rule in 1830 B.C. and orders Egyptians to abandon the worship of all Gods except Aton causing the nobles and common Egyptian to abandon him and revolt.
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Europeans mapped out most of Africa but they still only controlled about 10% of the continent. When they went overseas they had many technological advancements including:steam navigation, railways and telegraphs.
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China was ruled by monarchs untill 1911. But then a republic was established in 1911. The republic falls and the by a dictator, Yvan Shikai.
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Shikai dies and a civil war begins. In WWI, Japan gaines land in China.
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Joseph Stalin turned communism into Totalitarianism. It's a political system in which people have no privacy, freedom and even religion. It was created by Stalin.
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The NEP was adopted by Lenin and allowed some capitalist ventures. It allowed peasants to make grain for themselves.
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Sun Yixian creates the Guomindang Party. It's goal was to reunite China. The party slaughtered any members of other parties.
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She was not a very nice lady. First she purposely convinces Antony that she's dead leading Antony to end his life. Then she tries running to Octavian but he refuses so she commits suicide.
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Mark Antony commits suicide when his 'lover', Cleopatra, convinces him that she died. Part of the 'second' Triumvirate.
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Octavian declared war againist Cleopatra and defeats their forces at the Battle of Antium. Antony and Cleopatra retreat to Alexandria.
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The founder was Jesus, a Jew born in Bethlehem, whp was prophesied to be the Messiah. The teachings of Jesus was firmly roots in Jewish Religion.
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From 1934-1940 Stalin feared his rivarly leaders so he went on a killing spree. He sent secret police to kill war heros, old bolshevicks and just ordinary people. There was at least 4 million killed.
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Mark Antony and Octiava marry. (Binding trade). Although Antony is marreid to Octacia, he goes off and has kidS with Cleopatra! smh.
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The second Triumvirate was formed after the death of Caesar. The group included Octavian, Antony and Lepidus. But the power was all really Octavian, Antony and Cleopatra.
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This guy wasn't born into a very rich family but he some how slithered his way up to governor of Spain, then to Consul and finally to the ruler.
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Caesar was assassinate in the Theatre of Pompey by his friends. Yes his friends, because they all thought (knew) that he has gained too much power and it was getting to his head.
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He was born a peasant and became a Marxist follower. He rose to power by spreading communism to other Chinese Peasants. He offered land, schooling, and healthcare to the peasants. He got the peasants to support him and then took control in 1949.
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Mao's hope was to increase farm and industrial output, create commines and bring China into a modern age. But it all failed. Communes were inefficient and industries were underdeveloped. It all lead to a great faminie and millions being killed.
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A group formed by Pompey, Caesar and Crassus. They divided the Empire up and stuff.
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Mao had another brilliant plan. He had a goal of purging China of bourgeois tendencies. This lead to schools and factories being shut down and civil war was threatened.
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Darius unifies Cyrus' Persian Empire. He was the first ruler to divide rule with procidens and govenor.
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Civilization vanishes possibliity of a volcano eruption, earthquake, Tsunami or Myceabaens invade.
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Aristocracy/Oligarchy replaces Monarchy
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(B.C.)He conquers Jeruslaem. Then destorys the Temple Solomon built
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He sets the Athens on the road to Democracy. By setting slaves free and tons of other stufff.
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Formation of city states founded in 478 BC
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Plato was born in 428 B.C, deceased in 348 B.C. His acandemy operated for sevreal years then shut down because it was a risk to Christianity.
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Bloody conflict that lead to the Delian Legaue.
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They were decendents of the Latin People. They settles in Italy around 800 B.C
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The Romans overthrow their Etruscan ruler and create the Roman Empire that lasted for 500 years.
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The Pax Romana created it easy to travel, safe and also academic and cultural achievements.
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In 378 AD, there was the Battle of Adrianople. It was the first major defeat by the barbarians. The death of the Roman Empire was the start of the barbarian conquering.
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There was a Golden Age that was united by Islamic religion. Happened because they had technolocally advanced calvalry and welcomed as liberators.
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Vikings invade Europe and conquered Paris.
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It was the Church VS the Kings. The Church won because of papal supremacy and excummication.
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Pope Gregory I sent missionaires to barbaric tribes to convert them which helped the Catholic Church rise to power.
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After Charlemage's death in 814, his empire crumbled. The power stuggle ended in 843 when his grandsons divided it into 3 regions.
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Otto I united the Holy Roman Empire. He was tight with the catholic church. Crowned "emperor" by Pope John XII. He defeated rebellious Roman nobles.
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Sargon builds the World's first Empire. After his death, his Empire fell apart.
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They invented the earliest written language and also the first wheeled vehicle. They also studied astromoy and mathematics
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The cavemen transitioned from being nomads to farmers. Created new technology and leads to civilization.
