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The greek god of healing with a symbol of a snake around a pole. Priest healers used the "Rod of Asclepius" as their symbol, still a healthcare symbol today.
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Ever since the beginning, humans have practiced medicine in some way. Natural remedies and religion were large factors. People thought health and illness depended on the moods of the gods.
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Hippocrates created many writings about exams and the treatment of patients. These writings included a code to keep the patients privacy and that doctors could never harm patients.
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The Hippocratic Oath is the modern code of ethics that started in Ancient Greece. It includes the obligations of a doctor and is still used in medical schools today.
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This is when spiritual and superstitious causes of disease were replaced by science and reason. This was also the time of the Bubonic Plague.
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Galen was a Roman physician to the gladiators. His writings are used to train physicians; he documented the importance of the spinal cord and did a tracheotomy.
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It was believed that the body was made up of four humors. If the were imbalanced it would cause a mental or physical illness. The 4 humors are blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.
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An outbreak of a deadly disease broke out, killing 1/3 of the population in Europe. Europe was very unsanitary at the time and there were dead bodies everywhere.
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Rhazes was a Persian physician and he documented differences between smallpox and measles.
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This was compiled by a Persian philosopher named Avicenna. It is 5 volumes about Greek and Arabic medicine
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Norman King Roger the second introduced a license that a person has to have in order to practice medicine. They got this license after going through training, but women were not allowed to. Midwives have been assisting women with giving birth for a very long time.
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Barbers did more then cut hair, they were surgeons as well. They did things like bloodletting, cupping, pulling teeth and enemas. They served In the military and amputated limbs. They hung bandages on a pole to dry and to show people that they were surgeons too, this is where the modern day barber pole came from.
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Christian and Muslim teachings promote caring for those in need. Islamic hospitals had wards for different illnesses, trained nurses, and stores of medicine. Christian monasteries were created to treat sick people, most treatments were rest and prayer.
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Many changes happened during this times. The printing press was created, the scientific method was used, and doctors looked for actual causes of illnesses.
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Anatomy was banned in churches and corrected many ideas. De humani corporis fabrica was created, it was the 1st accurate work on anatomy.
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Pare was a French barber surgeon that was in the army. One day his oil supply ran out and he treated wounds with a mixture that included egg yolk, rose oil, and turpentine. Wounds treated with the mixture healed better than the ones treated with oil. He wrote a book about his finding but no one took him seriously because it was written in French instead of Latin.
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Vesalius was a Belgian physician that introduced human dissections into medical teachings. This helped medical students get a better look at the human body and get the chance to learn hands on.
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Harvey was the first physician to describe how the heart pumps blood around the body. He published a book about it called Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus in 1628.
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In the time period there were big changed because machines started being used and invented like stethoscopes, microscopic organisms were seen, and capillaries were discovered.
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Jenner found it fascinating that a person that had cowpox, which is very harmless, could not be infected with smallpox. One day he found a dairymaid that had cowpox, injected a child with it and injected him with smallpox 10 days later. He found that the boy did not get the disease
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Many things developed and changed rapidly in medicine like antibiotics, x rays, organ transplants and many other things.
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Lister was the first person to insist on using clean instruments during surgery. His principle, that bacteria must never reach an open wound is still used today.
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Koch injected animals with pathogens that caused infections in the animals. He found that pathogens are sources of disease.
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Röntgen was a German physicist who accidentally discoverd x rays. Within a year, the first radiology department was introduced in a hospital.
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Fleming created the first antibiotic which was Penicillin. It wasn't until the 1940's when it's true potential was used.
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Ruska invented the first electron microscope. It allowed scientists to see things that were too small to be seen using alight microscope.
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These men were the first people to found out the genetic material is a double spiral. They received a Nobel Piece Prize.
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Gibbon was an American surgeon and was the first to perform an open heart surgery. The surgery was done to repair an atrial septal defect.
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Richard and Ronald Herrick were identical twins but Richard had a very bad kidney disease. In a hospital in Boston, Ronald donated one of his kidneys to Richard, the process was a success.
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Damadian was a physician that created Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). He got the idea from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and realized it could be used to diagnose disease in patients.
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Cloning was first envisioned by Hans Spemann. He had a theory that animals could be cloned by fusing one embryo with an egg cell.
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The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a scientific research project that was created to find the chemical base pairs that make up DNA. There are about 20,000 to 25,000 genes of the human genome.
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Marescaux is a french doctor that performed the first TeleSurgery. It was an operation on a gallbladder done by a remote controlled robot.
