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Medical schools began to spread throughout Europe.
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Discorides wrote his Materia Medica
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Roger of Sicily forbade anyone from practicing medicine without a licence.
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Apothecary shops opened in important towns.
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The plague caused many death across Europe
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small pox broke out in North and South America
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Surgical procedures improved and survival from even simple procedures increased
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Girolamo Fracastoro suggested that epidemics may come from pathogens outside the body
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William Harvey discovered that the heart pumps blood around the body
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Cures, such as Quinine from the bark of the Quina tree was discovered to treat malaria
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Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy.
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Edward Jenner creates a vaccine for small pox by exposing someone to cow pox
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Sir Humphry Davy announces an anesthetic property of nitrous oxide
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James Blundell performs the first successful transfusion of human blood
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German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovers X rays.
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Karl Landsteiner describes blood compatibility and rejection. what happens when a person receives a blood transfusion from another human of either compatible or incompatible
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Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins suggests the existence of vitamins and concludes they are essential to health
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Insulin first used to treat diabetes.
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First vaccine for influenza which helped the U.S. during WWII
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South African heart surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant.
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First draft of human genome is announced
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Mary-Elizabeth Patti and colleagues at Joslin show that poor prenatal nutrition permanently damages the function of insulin-producing cells in the embryo’s pancreas,
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Dana-Farber researchers identify a molecular mechanism in the liver that explains how eating foods rich in saturated fats and trans-fatty acids causes elevated blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides
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Donald Ingber demonstrate how to turn cells on and off using magnets
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The FDA approves the first wearable artificial kidney designed by Blood Purification Technologies Inc.
