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Back then many people used plants and herbs as medicine. Now days many people are still using the same herbs. One example is called morphine which is a poppy plant used to treat pain.
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Many people thought that disease and illnesses were caused by supernatural spirts and demons.
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The average life span back then was 20 years old.
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When a disease occurred they would call upon the gods to heal them
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Physicians were persist who studied medicine and surgery in temple medical schools. The first ever physician was Imhotep.
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As time went on the average life spam turned into 20 to 30 years.
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The religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of the human body.
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They believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirt and nourishing the body.
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The average life span now is 20-30 years old.
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Hippocrates are called the father of medicine. They developed an organized method to observe the human body. They also recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases. They created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates, used by physicians today.
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Aristotle dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy.
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By this time the average life span was 25 to 35 years.
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They created aqueducts to carry clean water to the cities. They built sewers to carry waste materials away from the cities. They used filtering systems in public baths to prevent disease and they drained marshes to reduce the incidence of malaria.
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Early hospitals where formed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their houses. Later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents.
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The average life span for this time is still 25-35 years.
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The study of medicine was prohibited because Emphasis was placed on saving the soul.
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Prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illnesses and diseases.
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The average life span went down to 20-30 years.
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Physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th centuries.
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A pandemic that was worldwide epidemic called the bubonic plague killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia.
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Rhazes was an Arab physician became know as the Arab Hippocrates. He based diagnoses on observations of the signs and symptoms of disease. He developed criteria for distinguishing between smallpox and measles in AD 910. He suggested that blood was the cause of many infectious diseases. He also began the use of animal gut for suture material.
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The average life span is 20 to 35 years.
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During this the science of medicine was rebirthed.
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Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology.
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Artists Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically.
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The average life span was 30 to 40 years.
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Causes of diseases were still not know and many people dies from infections and puerperal (childbirth) fever.
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Ambroise pare, a French surgeon was known as Father of Modern surgery. He established use of ligatures to binged arteries and stop bleeding. He eliminated use of boiling oil to cauterize wounds. He also improved treatment of fractures and promoted use of artificial limbs.
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He identified the Fallopian tubes in the female. He also described the tympanic membrane in the ear.
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The average life span was 35 to 45 years.
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William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope in 1666.
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Apothecaries made, prescribed, and sold medications.
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The average life span was 35 to 45 years.
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Gabriel Fahrenheit created the first mercury thermometer in 1714
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James Lind prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795.
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Edward Jenner developed a vaccination for smallpox in 1796.
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The average life span was 40 to 50 years.
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The first successful blood transfusion was performed of humans in 1818 by James Blundell.
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Elizabeth Blackwell become the first female physician in the United States.
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Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing. She established efficient and sanitary nursing units during the Crimean war in 1854. She opened the nightingale school and house for nurses at St. Thomas’ hospital in London in 1860. She also began the professional education of nurses.
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The international Red Cross was founded in 1863.
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Wilhelm Roentgen discovered roentgenograms (x-rays) in 1895.
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The average life span was 40 to 60 years.
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Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.
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The first heart-lung machine was used for open-heart surgery in 1953.
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The first successful kidney transplant in humans was performed by Joseph Murray in 1954. The liver transplant was performed by Thomas Starzl in 1963. The first lung transplant was performed by James Hardy.
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CAT Scan was developed in 1975.
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The first “test tube” baby Louise Brown, was born in England in 1978.
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The average life span was 60 to 70 years.
